5b Bone & Bone Tissue Flashcards
Bone is hard _ tissue
hard CONNECTIVE tissue
Bone consists of ORGANIC components like c— and m—–
AND
an INORGANIC component (like m—)
ORGANIC = like cells and matrix
INORGANIC = like minerals (calcium & phosphate)
Minerals make bones _ and mainitain essential b—- mineral concentrations
Hard/rigid
help maintain BLOOD mineral
7 Functions of Bones: PS BEAMS
Protection
Support
Blood production
Electrolyte balance
Acid-Base balance
Movement
Shape
4 major types of bones by shapes:
long, short, flat, irregular
Parts of a Long Bone:
DIAPHYSIS (or shaft) is a _ tube of hard compact bone
HOLLOW TUBE
Parts of a Long Bone:
MEDULLARY CAVITY is a hollow space inside the shaft that contains yellow _
YELLOW MARROW
Parts of a Long Bone:
EPIPHYSES (or ends) of the bone
made of spongy bone that contains __ (color) bone marrow
RED BONE MARROW
Parts of a Long Bone:
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: thin layer that covers each epipyses. It provides c__.
Provides CUSHION
Parts of a Long Bone:
PERIOSTEUM - a strong fibrous membrain that ___ bone except at the ___
COVERS bone
EXCEPT at JOINTS
Parts of a Long Bone:
ENDOSTEUM is the thin membrain that lines the MEDULLARY c__
CAVITY
3 type of bone cells
- osteoBLASTS - help f_ bone
- osteoCLASTS - dissolve _ bone
- osteoCYTES - mature osteopblasts that BOTH dissolve bone and deposit ____
- FORM
- UNHEALTHY
- NEW BONE
COMPACT BONE - a bone that is hard/dense/strong. It forms the _ (outer/inner) and shafts. It contains _ (red/yellow) bone marrow)
Texture is needlelike threads/webs of bone called TRABECULAE
- OUTER layer
- RED bone marrow
CANCELLOUS BONE - a bone lighter in weight but not as strong. Found on _ (interior/exterior). Contains both colors _ and _ of bone marrow
INTERIOR
RED AND YELLOW
Red marrow is fillled with _ _
Yellow marrow filled with _ cells
BLOOD VESSELS
FAT CELLS
COMPACT BONE ANATOMY has
1. OSTEON - basic structure unit of bone (made of lamellae and H_ canal)
2. LAMELLAE - compact bone in layer arranged in RINGS along the H_ Canal
HAVERSIAN CANAL
COMPACT BONE ANATOMY (cont)
3. VOLKMANN’s CANALS - transverse passgeways that c_ the HAVERSIAN CANALS
- LACUNAE - g_ between the rings of lamellae that contain osteocytes
- CANALICULI - microscopic passages that connect the L_ to each other
- Connect
- GAPS
- LAMellAE
BONE DEVELOPMENT before birth consists of c_ and fibrous structures
Cartilage is replaced by CALCIFIED BONE MATRIX, through a process called ENDOCHRONDAL O–
CARTILAGE
Ossificiation
Epiphyseal PLATE - where bone L_ occurs
Epiphyseal LINE - where plate closes and bone growth s_
Plate = bone LENGTHENING
LINE = bone growth STOPS
OPEN or COMPOUND fractures _ (do or do not) puncture the skin
CLOSED or SMPLE fractures _ (do or do not) puncture the skin
Types of __
1. COMPLETE
2. INCOMPLETE (greenstick)
3. SPIRAL
4. COMMINUATED (which means in p_)
Open: DO puncture skin
Closed: DO NOT puncture skin
4 types of FRACRTURES
COMMUNUATED means in PIECES
DIAPHYSIS is the shaft of _ bone
LONG BONE
3 TYPES of JOINTS:
1. FIBROUS joints _ (do or do not) move
2. CARTILAGINOUS joints made up of connective tissue and c_ (e.g. joints between vertebrae)
3. SYNOVIAL joints (do or do not) move
- FIBROUS do not move (e.g. skull sutures)
- cartilage
- SYNOVIAL do move
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL (movable) JOINTS
1. ball and socket joint (ex _)
2. pivot joint (ex _)
3. hinge joint (ex _)
4. condyloid joint (ex _)
5. saddle joint (ex _)
6. gliding joint (ex _)
- arm
- vertebra
- elbow
- wrist
- thumb (first/bottom joint)
- foot/ankle
TEST ON JOINT MOVEMNT
(Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Gliding)
Which joint?
1, Allows bones to rotate
2. Back and forth
3. limited side to side
4. slides over each other
- pivot
- HINGE
- saddle
- gliding
