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anph 220 (anatomy) > 5b Bone & Bone Tissue > Flashcards

5b Bone & Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Bone is hard _ tissue

A

hard CONNECTIVE tissue

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2
Q

Bone consists of ORGANIC components like c— and m—–
AND
an INORGANIC component (like m—)

A

ORGANIC = like cells and matrix
INORGANIC = like minerals (calcium & phosphate)

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3
Q

Minerals make bones _ and mainitain essential b—- mineral concentrations

A

Hard/rigid

help maintain BLOOD mineral

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4
Q

7 Functions of Bones: PS BEAMS

A

Protection
Support

Blood production
Electrolyte balance
Acid-Base balance
Movement
Shape

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5
Q

4 major types of bones by shapes:

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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6
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
DIAPHYSIS (or shaft) is a _ tube of hard compact bone

A

HOLLOW TUBE

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7
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
MEDULLARY CAVITY is a hollow space inside the shaft that contains yellow _

A

YELLOW MARROW

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8
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
EPIPHYSES (or ends) of the bone
made of spongy bone that contains __ (color) bone marrow

A

RED BONE MARROW

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9
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: thin layer that covers each epipyses. It provides c__.

A

Provides CUSHION

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10
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
PERIOSTEUM - a strong fibrous membrain that ___ bone except at the ___

A

COVERS bone

EXCEPT at JOINTS

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11
Q

Parts of a Long Bone:
ENDOSTEUM is the thin membrain that lines the MEDULLARY c__

A

CAVITY

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12
Q

3 type of bone cells

  1. osteoBLASTS - help f_ bone
  2. osteoCLASTS - dissolve _ bone
  3. osteoCYTES - mature osteopblasts that BOTH dissolve bone and deposit ____
A
  1. FORM
  2. UNHEALTHY
  3. NEW BONE
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13
Q

COMPACT BONE - a bone that is hard/dense/strong. It forms the _ (outer/inner) and shafts. It contains _ (red/yellow) bone marrow)
Texture is needlelike threads/webs of bone called TRABECULAE

A
  1. OUTER layer
  2. RED bone marrow
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14
Q

CANCELLOUS BONE - a bone lighter in weight but not as strong. Found on _ (interior/exterior). Contains both colors _ and _ of bone marrow

A

INTERIOR

RED AND YELLOW

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15
Q

Red marrow is fillled with _ _

Yellow marrow filled with _ cells

A

BLOOD VESSELS

FAT CELLS

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16
Q

COMPACT BONE ANATOMY has
1. OSTEON - basic structure unit of bone (made of lamellae and H_ canal)
2. LAMELLAE - compact bone in layer arranged in RINGS along the H_ Canal

A

HAVERSIAN CANAL

17
Q

COMPACT BONE ANATOMY (cont)
3. VOLKMANN’s CANALS - transverse passgeways that c_ the HAVERSIAN CANALS

  1. LACUNAE - g_ between the rings of lamellae that contain osteocytes
  2. CANALICULI - microscopic passages that connect the L_ to each other
A
  1. Connect
  2. GAPS
  3. LAMellAE
18
Q

BONE DEVELOPMENT before birth consists of c_ and fibrous structures

Cartilage is replaced by CALCIFIED BONE MATRIX, through a process called ENDOCHRONDAL O–

A

CARTILAGE

Ossificiation

19
Q

Epiphyseal PLATE - where bone L_ occurs

Epiphyseal LINE - where plate closes and bone growth s_

A

Plate = bone LENGTHENING

LINE = bone growth STOPS

20
Q

OPEN or COMPOUND fractures _ (do or do not) puncture the skin

CLOSED or SMPLE fractures _ (do or do not) puncture the skin

Types of __
1. COMPLETE
2. INCOMPLETE (greenstick)
3. SPIRAL
4. COMMINUATED (which means in p_)

A

Open: DO puncture skin

Closed: DO NOT puncture skin

4 types of FRACRTURES

COMMUNUATED means in PIECES

21
Q

DIAPHYSIS is the shaft of _ bone

A

LONG BONE

22
Q

3 TYPES of JOINTS:
1. FIBROUS joints _ (do or do not) move
2. CARTILAGINOUS joints made up of connective tissue and c_ (e.g. joints between vertebrae)
3. SYNOVIAL joints (do or do not) move

A
  1. FIBROUS do not move (e.g. skull sutures)
  2. cartilage
  3. SYNOVIAL do move
23
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL (movable) JOINTS
1. ball and socket joint (ex _)
2. pivot joint (ex _)
3. hinge joint (ex _)
4. condyloid joint (ex _)
5. saddle joint (ex _)
6. gliding joint (ex _)

A
  1. arm
  2. vertebra
  3. elbow
  4. wrist
  5. thumb (first/bottom joint)
  6. foot/ankle
24
Q

TEST ON JOINT MOVEMNT
(Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Gliding)

Which joint?
1, Allows bones to rotate
2. Back and forth
3. limited side to side
4. slides over each other

A
  1. pivot
  2. HINGE
  3. saddle
  4. gliding

anph 220 (anatomy) (20 decks)

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