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AP Euro > Unit 5 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 5 Study Guide Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Facts about the Compte Rendu

A 
Jacques Necker wrote it for Louis XVI
Was made public
Had 3 ideas:
Not pay debt to American Revolution
Not pay pensions
No need for taxing peasantry
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1
Q

Causes of the crisis leading up to the French Revolution

A 
Louis XV- lost 7 yrs' war
Renè Maupeou- abolished parlements
Louis XVI + Marie Antoinette
Then they are way in debt because of the American Revolution
Famine+ bitterly cold winter
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2
Q

Makeup of the Estates General & reasons for its convening in 1789

A 
1= clergy
2= nobles
3= bourgeoise
     Peasantry
     Urban workers
Louis XVI invited them to fix the financial crisis
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3
Q

Financial reforms of Charles Calonne

A

More free-trade enterprise/ less barriers
Lower taxes like Gabelle( tax on salt)
Transform the corveé from labor to $
Make the taille (land tax) universal

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4
Q

1st & 2nd Estates attempts to limit rights of 3rd Estate

A

3 proposals:
Voting by representatives
Voting by estates
Doubling the Third was another proposal

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5
Q

Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances

A

Similar, despite differences of classes
Govt waste, equitable taxation, wanted to meet regularly, hunting rights, church is corrupt, civic rights, freedoms of: speech, press, to gather, etc
ELIMINATION OF PRIVILEGE

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6
Q

Creation of the National Assembly

A

The 3rd estate was frustrated, knew that the estates General wasn’t working, and left to make the National Assembly on their own, but they also invited sympathetic 1st and 2nd estate members.

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7
Q

Facts about the Tennis Court Oath

A

The National Assembly was locked out of their regular hangout, so they met on a Tennis Court, and vowed to:
Keep meeting until they drafted a constitution

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8
Q

Reasons for riots in winter of 1788 & spring of 1789

A

Food shortages, rising cost of grain

Famine of 88

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9
Q

Facts about and significance of the Storming of the Bastille

A

July 14,1789
60 people killed, angry crowd riots
The people need gunpowder
This was the STARTING EVENT of the French Revolution

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10
Q

The Great Fear

A

Food would be taken by nobles

Never actually happened, but that didn’t stop the people from attacking first

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11
Q

The Night of August 4th

A

First step: announcement that the Ancien Regime is over; Feudalism is abolished

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12
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

A

Liberty, Property, Security, Resistance to Oppression

Women excluded

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13
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

l’ami du peuple

Rallies people, prints execution lists, killed by Charlotte Corday

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14
Q

The “October Days”

A

Fearsome fish ladies march to Versailles after Marat says that king’s party = trampling the tricolor

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15
Q

National Constituent Assembly and it’s preferred form of gov’t

A

Created from tennis court oath

Wanted constitutional monarchy

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16
Q

Characteristics & facts about the Constitution of 1791

A

Limited monarchical authority
Made Legislative Assembly
Active/ passive citizens:
50,000 out of 25 mil were eligible

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17
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Women

A

By Olympe de Gouges
wanted education, recognition as citizens
Said women were vital to revolution

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18
Q

Examples of economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France

A

Deregulation of trade
Metric system
Assignats( inflation- backfired)

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19
Q

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A 
Placed French Catholic Church directly under state control 
Only 83 bishops now
Clergy elected
Created jurying and refractory clergy
Huge blunder
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20
Q

Roman Catholic Church’s view of the Revolution

A

Pope Pius VI condemned it

Very opposed- duh- because of civil constitution of the clergy

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21
Q

Émigrés

A

Self-exiles during early revolution
Aristocracy, refractory clergy, and pro-royalists
Spread word of “French Plague”

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22
Q

Characteristics and facts about the Jacobins

A

Broad group- lead the LA

Included Montagnards and Girondists

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23
Q

Facts about the Sans Culottes and their goals and methods

A

Wanted relief of food shortages and social equality
Wanted a republic- like Rousseau
Crowd action

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24
Q

The September Massacres

A

France was getting beat on the warfront, so they have to make sure there are no domestic threats-
1200 people in prisons slaughtered

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25
Q

Challenges facing the French revolutionary gov’t by 1793

A

Monarchy, counter-revolutionary activities, religious divisions, economic crises, war, political factionalism

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26
Q

The Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Warning from Austria and Prussia saying that if the royal family got harmed in any way, they would intervene militarily

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27
Q

The National Convention and its actions

A

August 10th 1792- Storming of the Tuileries

First action was :September 21 1782- Declares France a REPUBLIC

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28
Q

Countries at war w/ France by 1793

A

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia

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29
Q

Edmund Burke’s view of the French Revolution

A

Said French didn’t know what they were doing
Predicted lots of problems
Dangerous/ not comparable to the American revolution

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30
Q

The Partitions of Poland

A

French ideals spread to Poland- Prussia and Russia tried to stop it
Polish went and fought for the French later

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31
Q

Levee en masse

A

Tried to involve EVERYBODY in the army somehow

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32
Q

Ways in which the French Republic attempted to achieve a “Republic of Virtue”

A

Repression of women
Dechristianization
Revolutionary tribunals

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33
Q

Values important to the Republic of Virtue

A

Terror is a necessary evil
Community over individual
Deism
Repression of women

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34
Q

The Committee of Public Safety and its purpose

A

12 members

To lead French Revolution, defend French Republic

35
Q

Facts about the Reign of Terror

A

Tribunals for foreign and domestic threats
Led by Robespierre
GUILLOTINE was tool
20,000 killed

36
Q

Law of 22 Prairial

A

Suspended due process so they could kill people faster.

Made the reign of terror now known as the great terror

37
Q

Facts about Robespierre

A

Staunch republican
In charge of committee of public safety
Wanted to punish enemies
Created cult of the supreme being and the republic of virtue
Wanted religion to be rational, not supernatural
“Incorruptible”
Got guillotined

38
Q

Results of the Thermidorian Reaction

A

Tempering of revolution
Started with robespierre’s death
Paris jacobin clubs were closed
Sans-culottes sidelined

39
Q

“Bands of Jesus” and the White Terror

A

Tribunals against the sans- culottes

Purification

40
Q

Women’s rights before and after the Revolution

A

Had more rights before than after

41
Q

Facts about Napoleon Bonaparte

A

From Corsica
Climbed the social ladder through military
Major victory was Battle of Toulan- when he became a general
Was a jacobin - favored the revolution
1799- overthrew directory with abbé sieyes

42
Q

Results of the Coup of 18 Brumaire

A

The council of 500 leaves, Napoleon becomes a consul

43
Q

Treaty of Campo Formio

A

Austria now out of conflict, Napoleon gets Switzerland

44
Q

The Battle at Abukir

A

1st major defat, traps Napoleon in Egypt.

Horatio Nelson kicks Napoleon’s butt

45
Q

Ways in which Napoleon attempted to suppress foreign & domestic opposition

A

General amnesty, prefects, secret police, legion of honor, kidnaps duke of Enghien- a bourbon, concordat of 1801
Treaty of Luneville
Treaty of Amiens

46
Q

The Concordat of 1801, facts, its purpose, and results:

A

Pope got to declare France officially catholic and Napoleon got:
All clergy resigned, loyal clergy appointed as state employees

47
Q

Facts about the Napoleonic Code

A 
Aka civil code of 1804
Standardized laws
Abolished feudalism + primogenitor
Stamped out notion of gender equality- males are supreme
Forbade worker unions
48
Q

Facts regarding Napoleon becoming the Emperor of France

A

Coup of 18 Brumaire/ coup of 18 fructidor
Was 1st consul, then consul for life
RATIFIED THROUGH PLEBISCITE on December 2nd 1804
Jacques Louis David painted it

49
Q

The Battle of Trafalgar

A

Off Spanish coast
Nelson whips Napoleon’s butt but also dies
Napoleon has to give up any hope of beating the British on water

50
Q

Prime Minister of Britain during the French Revolution

A

William Pitt the younger

51
Q

Peace of Amiens

A

1802 Really just a truce between Britain and France

Napoleon’s early action to dispel tension and get stability

52
Q

Napoleon’s victories in Central Europe

A

Vs. Austria- battle of Ulm
Vs. Austria and Russia- battle of Austerlitz
Vs. Prussia- battle of Jena
Vs. Russia- battle of Friedland

53
Q

The Confederation of the Rhine and its significance

A

Created with treaty after the battle of Austerlitz, when Austria cleared out of Italy. End of HRE
1806

54
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

Favorable to Russia

Russia becomes ally of Napoleon

55
Q

Facts about the Continental System

A

Economic blockade - huge risk
Forbade allies of Napoleon from trading with Britain
Portugal not included

56
Q

The 100 Days

A

Napoleon’s return from Elba

57
Q

Napoleon’s wives

A

Josephine- didn’t produce an heir- got mansion and $

Marie Louise- daughter of Austrian Francis I (aka Francis II when he ruled HRE)

58
Q

Napoleon and his family as rulers

A

Only trusted his family- appointed brothers and sisters as rulers of his vast territory
Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles - his son - became the King of Rome

59
Q

Napoleon’s brothers rule in the kingdom of Westphalia

A

Constitutionally

DONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION

60
Q

Prussia’s response to Napoleon’s Empire

A 
NATIONALISM
constitutional monarchy
Abolished serfdom
42,000 soldiers deal
Led to >270,000 troops
61
Q

Facts about Napoleon’s Peninsular Campaign

A

Spain sends Sir Arthur Wellesley (aka Duke of Wellington)- guerrilla warfare
Napoleon becomes weak

62
Q

Facts about Napoleon’s Russian Campaign

A

> 600,000 troops into Russia, only about 97,000 come back
Scorched Earth - Moscow also lit on fire
Battle of Borodino- deadlock
Winter took tons of soldiers on their retreat

63
Q

The Battle of Nations

A

Aka battle of Liebsik
Major defeat for Napoleon
He abdicates - for the first time, and goes to Elba

64
Q

Facts about the Congress of Vienna

A

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia

65
Q

The Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon vs. (Prussian) Blucher and (British) Wellington
His final military engagement
Exiled to St. Helena

66
Q

Results of the Treaty of Chaumont

A

Ended Napoleon’s reign

DONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION

67
Q

Kingdom of the Netherlands and other territorial adjustments after Congress of Vienna

A

Buffer zones
Confederation of the Rhine is more independent, goes to Prussia, becomes Germany
Genoa now belongs to Sardinia
North Italy goes to Austria

68
Q

Central characteristics and facts of Romantic Movement

A

Reaction to enlightenment, deism, and rational thought
Emotion/feeling= important
Inspiration was Middle Ages
Sterm und drang - storm and stress, German prototype movement
To revive art, literature, architecture
TO SUPPLEMENT REASON/ enlightenment WITH IMAGINATION

69
Q

Art, literature, and architecture of the Romantics

A

Focused on middle ages

70
Q

Contributions of Rousseau on the Romantic Movement esp. literature

A

Émile
Life can be good outside of society
Kids should learn by trial and error
Women are weak

71
Q

Immanuel Kant contributions to Romanticism

A

Critique of pure reason
Critique of practical reason
Phenomenal/ pnumonal worlds
Categorical imperative

72
Q

(English) Coleridge (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Rime of the Ancient Mariner

With Wordsworth- lyrical ballads

73
Q

(English) Wordsworth (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

With Coleridge- lyrical ballads

Ode on Intimations of immortality

74
Q

(English) Lord Byron (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage

Don Juan

75
Q

(German) Tieck (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

William Lovell

76
Q

(German) Schlegel (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Lucinde

77
Q

(German) Goethe (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

The sorrows of young werther

Masterpiece = FAUST- 2 parts

78
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Constable

A

Hay wain

Salisbury cathedral from the meadows

79
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist William Turner

A

Rain, speed, steam

Fighting temeraire

80
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich

A

Polar sea
Wanderer above the sea of fog
Man, woman, and moon painting

81
Q

Romantic/Neo-Gothic architecture characteristics and notable monuments/ buildings

A 
Absence of pillars/ arches/ domes
Busy piers/ steeples/ buttresses
Monotone
British Houses of Parliament 
Neuschwanstein castle
82
Q

Facts regarding Methodism

A

Anti-deist
Reaction to enlightened ideals and Church of England
Leader : John Wesley

83
Q

The Genius of Christianity

A

By chateaubriand
Disapproved revolution
Said faith= emotion/ passion

84
Q

Johann Herder’s contributions to Romanticism and German culture

A

Sparked enlightenment resistance

Explained nature with German culture and history

85
Q

Hegel, his views on the conflict of ideas and his contributions to the study of History

A

Thesis: ideas/ events that develop from dominant set if ideas
Anti-thesis: challenge thesis, conflicting set of ideals
Synthesis: new set of ideas

AP Euro (8 decks)

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