Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Euro > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

What was the political scene like in east and Central Europe as a result of the constant warfare in the region?

A

Authorities were weak
After 17th century warfare, shifting loyalties

= DISUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What type of economy existed in central and Eastern Europe?

A

Few cities/ lots of serfs - nothing overseas

= AGRARIAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the three monarchies that dominated east and Central Europe until the end of the Great War?

A

a) Austrian Habsburgs
b) Prussian Hohenzollerns
c) Russian Romanovs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What prevented the nobles of Poland from electing one of their own as monarch?

A

Deep distrust and divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the Sejm?

A

A diet

A central legislative body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What practice among the legislative body of Poland became a major stumbling block to the success of its government?

A

The Requirement of Unanimity

Liberum veto= one single member could disband the Sejm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the ultimate effect that this practice had upon Poland’s position within Europe?

A

(Practice= requirement of unanimity)

The disappearance of Poland from the map in the late 18th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was the close of the Thirty Years’ War a critical turning point for the Austrian Habsburgs?

A

They were allied we Spain before, but they can’t make the HRE totally catholic, so Spain declined, and the Austrian Habsburgs were on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was accomplished in the Treaty of Rastatt?

A

(1714)
The Habsburgs further extend their domains- the Netherlands, and Lombardy in Northern Italy
The Habsburgs’ power lay in territories outside Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did the Habsburgs rely on in order to maintain rule in their many territories?

A

The cooperation of the local nobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why was it so difficult to politically unite the many territories of the Habsburgs’ empire?

A

They were geographically diverse with different languages, customs, and religions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What saved the Habsburg capital of Vienna from falling into the hands of the ottomans in 1683?

A

Leopold I resisted ottoman advances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List 3 major accomplishments that occurred under Leopold I’s reign

A

1683- resisted advances of the Ottoman Empire
Thwarted aggression of Louis XIV
1699- achieved ottoman recognition of his sovereignty over Hungary
1699- extended territories to the Balkan Peninsula and West Romania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did the territorial conquests of the Habsburgs into the Balkans and western Romania help them?

A
  • strength in the east gave them political leverage in Germany
  • hope to develop Mediterranean trade through port of Trieste on the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea
  • compensated losses of power in the HRE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What problem was contributed to the territorial diversity with the Austrian Habsburg dynasty when Charles VI took over?

A

He had no male heir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Charles VI do to prevent Austrian Habsburg lands from falling to its surrounding powers?

A

He sought approval of his family, the estates of his realms, and foreign powers for the document:

PRAGMATIC SANCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did the Pragmatic Sanction provide for?

A

The legal basis for a single line of inheritance within the Habsburg dynasty through (HREmperor) Charles VI’s daughter Maria Theresa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Charles VI fail to do which left Maria Theresa’s inheritance vulnerable to foreign attack?

A

No strong army/ not a full treasury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When and why did the rise of Prussia occur?

A

German power vacuum

The peace of Westphalia (1648)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What ruling family ruled Prussia?

A

Hohenzollern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Facts about the 16-17th century Netherlands

A

7 provinces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Emergence of the Netherlands as a nation

A

1572 when they revolted against Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Religious characteristics of the Netherlands

A

Calvinism official religion

They were very tolerant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contemporary impressions of dutch society

A

Wealthy

Dutch East Indies company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Governmental system of the Netherlands

A

States general met in The Hague
Stadtholders
Disunity
Holland most powerful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Reasons for Dutch economic prosperity and decline

A

Agriculture/ trade, finance
Then there wasn’t a stadtholder, and there was disunity

URBANISM
BANKS, SHIPBUILDING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

William III of Orange

A

Chief executive/ stadtholder of Holland
Against France
Ruled with Mary II of England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Two most important models of European political organization

A 
Parliamentary monarchy (England)
Political absolutism (France)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Characteristics of absolute rule

A

Divine right to rule
Avoid dealing with national political institutions that limit authority

STRONG FINANCIAL BASE
INDEPENDENT OF NOBLES, CLERGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Characteristics and facts about James I, his rule and relationship with parliament

A 
KJV OF THE BIBLE (king James version) 
Son of Mary Stuart
Absolutist 
Levied IMPOSITIONS tax
Duke of Buckingham was his gay lover, who sold titles 
Made peace with Spain
Hesitated to help HRE Protestants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Reasons for suspicion of James I foreign policy

A

Pro-catholic religious sentiments
Penal laws and anti-catholic laws were relaxed
He starts taking England back to Catholicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Charles I’s extra-parliamentary measures

A

Levied new taxes without parliaments consent
Collected discontinued taxes
Quartered troops in private homes
Kept revenue in their court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The petition of right

A

1628 Charles I was
Forced to summon parliament
Needed money
Parliament didn’t want to help him unless he signed the petition of right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Consequences of the religious policies of Charles I

A

Tried to enforce religious conformity
He’s technically Protestant, but not really
William laud tried to get scots to conform, but they rebelled.
Bishops war 1639.
England is now fighting Ireland and Scotland
Eventually he calls parliament back into session

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Facts about the long parliament

A

1640-1660
Long Parliament members were merchants, landowners who were upset by religious policy. Stafford and laud executed.
triennial act - they couldn’t dissolve without their own consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Facts about the English Civil War

A

1642-1646
Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (Royal vs. Parliamentary)
Gentlemen’s Warfare
Oliver Cromwell led the roundheads and he was offensive and defensive like gustavus Adolphus = new model army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Prides purge

A

1648
Cromwell purged the people sympathetic to Charles
End of absolutism in England
The people in the parliament after this were known as the rump parliament.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Regicide- killed Charles, the hereditary monarch
Abolishes the House of Lords and the church of England, makes Puritan republic known as republic of the Commonwealth, run by the parliament
The Lord protector or the military leader until 1658.
He was like the bad guys in braveheart. Puritanical too
LIFE IN ENGLAND SUCKED UNDER HIM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

State of England after Cromwell and what they wanted to restore

A

It sucked
Status quo of 1642
The monarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Facts about the Treaty of Dover

A

1670
Economic alliance with France vs. the Netherlands
Was a warning flag to protestants
Charles II secretly pledged to Louis the 14th that he would publicly convert to Catholicism when the time was right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The test act

A

It was the reaction of the Parliament to the declaration of indulgence in 1672, which suspended anti-Catholic laws from cleritan code
It: required any civil/ military personnel to swear an oath against Transubstantiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The popish plot

A

High lightened catholic hysteria

Fabricated by Titus Oates, who said Charles II’s wife w/ Jesuits to kill him so catholic brother could take over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Declaration of indulgence of 1687

A

Suspended the test act
By James II who is catholic
7 bishops refused to support it

43
Q

Facts about the glorious Revolution

A

November 1688
Mary and William III of orange take over England, and they signed the English Bill of Rights which restricted the monarchs power, enforced the triennial act and stated Roman Catholics can never be a monarch of England

DEPOSED JAMES II

44
Q

The act of settlement of 1701

A

The English crown was to go to the Protestant ( German ) house of Hanover

45
Q

Act of Union in 1707

A

England Scotland Wales are all the United Kingdom

And Stuart, the last Stuart monarch, was the first monarch of the United Kingdom

46
Q

Facts about Robert Walpole

A

As the first prime minister, everyone liked him. He achieved peace abroad and stability at home. Also : expanded international trade, I need to superior navy, established civil liberties, did not have a standing army, it was more of religiously tolerant, and MADE ENGLAND A MODEL FLAGSHIP OF GOVERNMENT

47
Q

Fact about Cardinal Armand richelieu

A

He was the Regent to Louis xiii of France
Did to nobles what that coach did to that kids dad
Trained Mazarin

48
Q

Louis xiv’s relationship with French nobility

A

Friends close enemies closer
His absolutism was subtle, he formed councils and chose leaders from the lesser nobles. He made parlements , and the parlement of Paris. He made the councils pass his laws before his they could read them.
MADAME DE MONTENON INFLUENCED HIM

49
Q

Versailles

A 
Symbol of absolutism
The chateau 
The largest political building in all of Europe 
the symbol of absolutism
consumed half of the Royal revenue
Most over 10,000 people
50
Q

Religious policies of Louis the 14th

A

Believed political stability= religious conformity
Tried to stamp out Protestants
He betrayed Gallican liberties
He attacked Jansenists- who were radical Catholics

51
Q

Symbolism of Louis XIV

A

Sun king

Letat cest moi

52
Q

Religious acts of Louis the 14th

A

Anti- Jansenist
Revocation of the edict of Nantes
Religious conformity

53
Q

Characteristics of Jansenists

A

Catholic Calvinists, basically
Predestination, original sin
Very against Jesuits who dominated royal authority
Fought in the Fronde
Against monarchy, and strict morality, like puritans

54
Q

Results of the revocation of the edict of Nantes

/ edict of Fontaine bleu

A

Closed Huguenot schools and churches
Exiled or indentured preachers that would not convert
Protestant children were forced to be baptized into the Catholic Church
It was bad for France’s economy because the smart Protestants emigrated
France was now viewed as a Catholic fanatical country.
It was also a symbol of the Protestant repression

55
Q

Finance Minister of Louis the 14th

A

Jean-baptiste Colbert

Mercantile trading, largest standing army

56
Q

Wars fought during the reign of Louis the 14th

A

The war of devolution, The Franco-Dutch war, nine years war, the war of Spanish succession

57
Q

Facts about the war of Spanish succession

A

Sought to unite kingdoms
The king of Spain died without an heir
France wants to unite with Spain, and the other countries are like, no way! Grand alliance (England, holland, HRE) vs. France(+Spain)
Ends w/ treaty of Utrecht, then Rastatt

58
Q

France after the reign of Louis XIV

A 
Bankrupt, but the rest of Europe is too
Resources depleted by Versailles and wars
Louis Xv ruled
Nobles 
Cardinal Fleury- chief minister = glue
59
Q

Economic beliefs of John law

A

Print more money to give to the people, so they spend it, and our economy goes up. Give the royal bank gold, and they’ll give you paper money, which you can invest in the Mississippi company

60
Q

Aftermath of the reign of Ivan IV in Russia

A

Time of troubles

So the Russian nobles chose a new czar, Michael Romanov

61
Q

Power of Boyers during the reign of Peter the Great

A

They had to shave their beards, or pay Peter a tax. Peter also made them live in St. Petersburg. The table of ranks, along with the administrative colleges checked their power.

62
Q

Facts about the great Northern war

A

Was from 1700 to 1721. Between Sweden and Russia, Peter the Great ultimately was able to beat them at the battle of Poltava in 1709. Russia won the war and then controlled Baltic states of Estonia Levonia and parts of Finland, with the peace of Nystad

63
Q

Significance of St. Petersburg

A

It was like Versailles. it was the seat of government and the Boyars lived there.

64
Q

Reforms of Peter the Great and their purpose

A

Purpose: to place the boyars and the Russian Orthodox Church under Peter’s thumb. Table of ranks, holy synod, administrative colleges

65
Q

Characteristics of the legacy of Peter the Great

A

He: expanded Russian territory to the east and the west,
created a mighty modern army,
gained a warm water port,
Built in magnificent city as the window to the west,
built a magnificent city as a window to the west,
successfully wrested power away from the Nobles and military elite,
AND HE MADE RUSSIA RELEVANT, but he did not have a successor, so the boyars and the Streltsy had power again. He laid the groundwork for a modern state, but not a stable one.

66
Q

Galileo and his views on how nature should be understood and explained

A

Mathematical laws

67
Q

17th century scientists

A 
Nicolaus Copernicus
Tycho Brahe 
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei 
Isaac Newton
68
Q

Characteristics/ descriptions of the scientific revolution

A

Was very slow, very widespread, not organized, informal, had very few people involved

69
Q

Ptolemaic view of the universe

A

Geocentrism, or that the Earth didn’t move at all and was at the center of the universe

70
Q

Copernican view of the universe

A

Heliocentrism, or the Earth moves on an axis and has an orbit, and the sun is the center of the universe

71
Q

Tychonic view of the universe

A

Geoheliocentrism, or everything revolved around earth except mercury and Venus revolved around the sun.

72
Q

Facts and characteristics of the traditional view of the universe prior to the scientific revolution

A

Ptolemaic system

Religious, not really scientific

73
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus’s contributions to scientific revolution

A

Naked eye observations

1543 on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres, theory of Heliocentrism

74
Q

Tycho Brahe’s contribution to the scientific revolution

A

Astronomical data

75
Q

Johannes Kepler’s contribution to scientific revolution

A

1609 wrote The new astronomy, detailing elliptical orbits

76
Q

Isaac Newton’s contribution to the scientific revolution

A

1687 wrote Principia Mathematica. Was an English philosopher. Universal gravitation, laws of motion, empiricism( observation before hypothesis)

77
Q

Galileo’s literary works

A

Starry messenger in 1610,
letters on sunspots in 1613
Then dialogue on the two chief world systems

78
Q

Galileo’s views of the universe

A

It’s governed by mathematical lies,

the sun is in the center and the sun is rotating as well

79
Q

Galileo’s contribution to the scientific revolution

A

He improved the telescope

And wrote starry messenger, and letters on sunspots

80
Q

Mechanism and what natural philosophers believed it achieved

A

It explained the world in mechanical metaphors

It changed from symbolic to a rational purpose

81
Q

Facts about Francis Bacon and his contributions to scientific inquiry

A

Father of empiricism- inductive reasoning
Scientific method,
His discovery was discovery
Published Novum Organum, or new organ
There are two types of philosophers, men of experiments and men of dogmas

82
Q

Beliefs on knowledge according to Francis Bacon

A

Any new knowledge should be useful and make people’s lives better

83
Q

Cartesian dualism

A

Everything is one of two categories: thinking things (things of the mind-no one can really explain it with material) or things that occupy space(as of the body/extension/material-which natural philosophy can explain).

84
Q

Descartes view

A

Wrote discourse on method in 1637
He believed in math education
And deductive reasoning - I think, therefore I am

85
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes write?

A

Leviathan, supporting absolute monarchy

Saying Tyranny is better than anarchy

86
Q

Thomas hobbes’s social contract

A

People give up absolutely all of their rights+ king gives them protection

87
Q

Thomas hobbes’s view on humanity

A

Very black

We are selfish, we cause chaos and war

88
Q

John locke’s literary works

A

The two treatises of government
Letter concerning toleration
Essay concerning human understanding

89
Q

John Locke’s social contract

A

No patriarchal govt, (like a family)

People have natural rights- Life, liberty, property
If they don’t have those rights, then they have the right to rebel

90
Q

John Locke’s view on the role of government

A

To manage or control the improvement because of competition

91
Q

Tabula rasa

A

Blank slate
We are who we are because of our environment
Encouraged behaviorism

92
Q

Role of women during the scientific revolution

A

Through their husbands, mostly
Margaret cavendish and Maria Winkelmann were exceptions
EXCLUDED FROM UNIVERSITIES, CONVENTS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

93
Q

Poland

A 
Elective monarchy
Nobles elected foreigners
Didn't trust own countrymen
Legislative body = Sejm 
Most nobles were wealthy
Not centralized at all
94
Q

Dynasties of central and Eastern Europe

A

Russia, Austria, Prussia

Romanov , habsburgs, hohenzollerns

95
Q

Charles I’s advisors

A

Earl of Stafford
William Laud

Both impeached by long parliament

96
Q

Reign of Louis XIV

A

72 years

97
Q

Pascal’s famous wager

A

Take leap of faith just in case

98
Q

Pascal’s book

A

Pensées

  1. There is god, and we don’t deserve him
  2. Refuted: dogmatists, skeptics, and atheists
99
Q

Physic- theology

A

Deducting religious thought from nature

Bacon

100
Q

Reason for end of witch hunts

A

People were tired of chaos

New science was rational

101
Q

Emergence of baroque art

A

In Rome

Counter reformation

102
Q

Characteristics of baroque art

A

Depicted themes naturally, like Renaissance

103
Q

Baroque artists

A

Peter Paul Rubens

Lorenze Berannini

104
Q

Baroque monument

A

Palace of Versailles

AP Euro (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions