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AP Euro > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Description of the Black Death

A 
Bubonic plague 
Bulbous in lymph nodes 
Coughing, sneezing
Skin decomposed
Death
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1
Q

When was the Black Death?

A

1347-1351

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2
Q

Preconditions for the Black Death

A

Overpopulation
Famine
No hygiene
No understanding of disease

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3
Q

Cause and spread of Black Death

A

Fleas on rats came from Asia

Spread along major trade routes

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4
Q

Social/economical consequences of Black Death

A

Serfs went to cities and got jobs
Wages increased
Difference between rich and poor people wasn’t as big

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5
Q

Social groups affected by the plague

A

Wealthy landowners had to sell land or raise livestock

Serfs got to demand a little more, because most serfs died

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6
Q

Popular “remedies” against Black Plague

A

Aromatic amulets
Flight + seclusion
Religious fanatics (flagellants) beat themselves
Abstinence / sleeping around

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7
Q

Death toll in Europe due to Black Plague

A

2/5 of population

At least 25 million

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8
Q

Statute of laborers

A

Wages at pre-plague levels

Peasants can’t leave masters’ land

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9
Q

Traditional “containers” of monarchy in Middle Ages

A

Kings
Clergy
Nobles

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10
Q

Description of Hundred Years’ War

A

France vs. England

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11
Q

What caused the Hundred Years’ War?

A

English king Edward III was grandson of French king Philip the fair. Edward claimed the French throne. He wanted to be king of both countries.

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12
Q

Result of Hundred Years’ War

A

Peasants were heavily taxed
England developed own clothing market
Burgundy became more important

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13
Q

Burgundy in Hundred Years’ War

A

Egged England on, then realized, oh crap, France won’t protect us from England anymore if England wins.

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14
Q

Length of Hundred Years’ War

A

May 1337 to October 1453

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15
Q

Joan of Arc

A

Claimed God talked to her, inspired French army to take back Orleans from England. She was awesome, helped French win many battles. Burgundy captured her in 1430, then gave her to England. English tortured her, made her go through ten weeks of interrogation, then executed her, called her a relapsed heretic in 1431. Later she was made a saint.

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16
Q

King John the Good

A

French

Got captured in Hundred Years’ War

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17
Q

Charles VII

A

French

Gave Joan of Arc the go-ahead, totally was with her, then when she got captured, he didn’t care

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18
Q

Characteristics of France at the beginning of the Hundred Years’ War

A

Had 3x the population of England
Internal disunity
Depreciated currency
Borrowed heavily from Italian bankers

19
Q

Jacquerie

A

French peasant revolt
1358
Peasants totally lost

20
Q

Estates General

A 
French
Representative council of townspeople, clergy, and nobles.
Actually deepened territorial divisions
Members exploited it
It really backfired
21
Q

Reasons for French failure in Hundred Years’ War

A

English infantry is way more organized
French royalty was mediocrative
English had longbows, which could shoot 6 arrows a min, and get ya at 100 yards

22
Q

Treaty of Troyes

A

Said English king’s son was the ruler of both England and France.
French heir to the throne was like, oh no you dindn’t, and then fought back

23
Q

Burdens felt by social classes in Hundred Years’ War

A

Peasants had to pay taxes for all kinds of damaged property

Peasants had to give services and just pay for everything

24
Q

Papal plentitude of power

A

Popes have power over all bishops of the church

Popes were more political, not spuritual

25
Q

Pope Boniface VIII’s struggle w/ monarchical authority

A

French Philip IV the Fair wouldn’t let money go to the pope
Boniface might’ve killed previous pope to get himself into office
Philip got Boniface’s friend, Saisset, Boniface eventually rescued Saisset

26
Q

Ausculta fili

A

Listen, my son
From Boniface to Philip
“God has set popes over kings and kingdoms

27
Q

Unam sanctam

A

Desperate move by Boniface to Philip

“Temporal authority is ‘subject’ to the spiritual power of the church”

28
Q

Marsilius of Padua

A

“Heretic” who was a Spiritual Franciscan
Stressed independent origins and autonomy of secular origins
Wrote pamphlet Defender of Peace

29
Q

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

A

1438
National rights over religion
French church could elect own clergy w/out papal interference

30
Q

Religious movements and the assault on the late medieval church

A

Lollards in England (after John Wycliffe)

Hussites in Bohemia (John Huss)

31
Q

Facts about John Wycliffe

A

Oxford theologian and philosopher of high standing

Intellectual spokesman for rights of royalty vs. secular popes

32
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

Papacy in Avignon, France

From 1309-1377

33
Q

Description of the Great Schism

A

Italian pope and French pope at the same time

Italian= Urban VI. French= Clement VII

34
Q

National divisions surrounding the Great Schism

A

England, Rome, Hungary, Bohemia, Poland for Urban VI vs. France, Naples, Scotland, Castile, Aragon for Clement VII

35
Q

Council of Pisa

A

1409
Elected new pope, Alexander V. But Urban and Clement wouldn’t step down, so now they had three popes. Then, after that, all three got kicked out. After all that, Martin V became pope

36
Q

Conciliar theory

A

General councils were superior to the pope and represented the whole body if the faithful
Council of Basil- compromised with Bohemia
Made pope mad
After 1460 there were no more councils

37
Q

Rulers of Russia between 1243-1480

A

Batu Khan
Grand Duke Dimitri
Ivan III, the Great

38
Q

Prince Vladimir’s reign in Russia

A

Chose Greek orthodox religion for Russia, strengthening bond with Byzantine empire
980-1015 in Kiev

39
Q

Social divisions in 11th century Russia

A

White Russians
Great Russians
Little Russians (Ukrainians)
Freemen vs slaves as well

40
Q

Slave populations in Russia

A

Pow’s

Debtors working it off

41
Q

Boyars

A

Wealthy Russian landowners

42
Q

The Golden Horde

A

Mongol empire in southern Russia

43
Q

Mongol religion

A

Islam

Veils and stuff

44
Q

Mongol treatment of Russian political and religious institutions

A

Left largely intact

45
Q

End of Mongol rule in Russia

A

1480-ish
Ivan III, the Great ended it
Moscow became capital, not Kiev

AP Euro (8 decks)

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