unit 5- states or consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
A persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her
Altered state of consciousness
State in which there is a shift in the quality pattern of mental activity as compared to weaken consciousness
mindfulness meditation
Mental training practice that involves focusing your mind on your experiences in the present moment
altered state
Sleep is one of the human body’s biological rhythms, natural cycles, and activities at the body must go through
circadian rhythm
The cycle of physiological and biological processes that fluctuate on a roughly 24 hour timetable
The wake/sleep cycle
Sleep has a biological rhythm cycle every 90 to 110 minutes five distinct stages
electroencephalography
non-invasive test that records electrical activity in the brain
Stage one
Transition period between wakefulness and sleep, drifting in and out of sleep
stage two
Sleep spindles. Body temperature will drop heart rate slows, breathing, more shallow and irregular.
stage three and four
Slow wave sleep, Delta waves begin to appear more often
rem sleep
Rapid eye movements in your muscles become almost paralyzed brain waves, as if we were awake
sleep paralysis
The presence or persistence of features of rapid eye-movement (rem) sleep during the transition into or out of sleep
sleep deprivation
Occurs anytime that you get less sleep than your body needs. The degree of sleep deprivation can range from total acute sleep loss to chronic deprivation.
rem rebound
Lengthening an increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye-movement sleep, which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation
Microsleep
Microsleep is a fleeting, uncontrollable brief episode of sleep, which can last anywhere from a single fraction of a second up to 10 full seconds
circadian rhythm disruption
And out of sync sleep/wake cycle
jet lag
Temporary condition caused by rapid travel across time zones and may leave an individual experiencing fatigue, insomnia, nausea, or other symptoms as a result of circadian rhythm disruption
insomnia
The inability to go to sleep stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
sleep apnea
Chronic medical condition where the infected person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep
narcolepsy
Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into rem sleep during the day without warning
sleepwalking
The purposeful movement of walking that occurs in sleep like state
nightmares
Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
Night terrors
Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear, and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
dreams
A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, or emotions that are experienced during sleep
agonist
Drag that binds to receptors in the brain and activate the receptors they bind to
antagonists
Block, receptor site, so natural agonist within the body cannot find where block reuptake of Neurotransmitters by certain neurons
blood brain barrier
The blood brain barrier serves a filter, controlling which molecules can pass from the blood into the brain
tolerance
Occurs when the body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give the desired effect, or a different medication is needed
Physical dependence
Occurs when people suffer from withdrawal symptoms, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage
psychological dependence
Cognitive and emotional aspects of addictive behaviors, or the withdrawal process from drugs
addiction
People who have a drug addiction experience, compulsive, sometimes uncontrollable craving for the drug of choice
depressants
Slow the activity of the central nervous system. They reduce tension and inhibitions and may interfere with a persons, judgment, motor activity, and concentration
alcohol
any beverage containing ethyl, alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor
sedative hypnotic drugs
A drug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and in higher doses to help people sleep
barbiturates
Addictive, sedative, hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help people sleep
benzodiazepines
The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax
opioids
Opium, or any of the drugs, derived from opium, including morphine, heroin and Codeine
stimulants
Substances that increased activity of the central nervous system, resulting in increase blood pressure and heart rate more alertness, and sped up behavior and thinking
Caffeine
The world’s most widely used stimulant. Acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system by producing a release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain
amphetamines
A stimulant drug that is manufactured in the laboratory. Stimulate the central nervous system by increasing the release of the neural transmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin throughout the brain.
methamphetamine
Illegal substance, super stimulate, which can include eight hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria
cocaine
The most powerful natural stimulant now known. Stimulates the higher centers of the central nervous system, making users, feel excited, energetic, talkative, and even euphoric
hallucinogens
A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening, perceptions, and producing illusions and hallucinogens
LSD
Produces symptoms primarily by binding to some of the neurons that normally receive the transmitter serotonin changing the Neurotransmitter activity at those sites
cannabis
Drugs produce from the variety of the hemp plant cannabis Sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic depressant, and stimulant effects.
biological influences
Researchers have come to suspect that drug misuse may have biological causes
psychodynamic views
Theorist believe that people with substance use disorders have powerful dependency needs that can be traced to the early years
sociocultural influences
People are most likely to develop substance use disorders when they live under stressful Socioeconomic conditions
behavioral views
Operant conditioning may play a key role in substance use disorders. Temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drunk has a rewarding affect, that’s increasing the likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again.
cognitive views
serious degree that rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding, and this expectation helps motivate people to increase drug use at times of tension
