unit 5- states or consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

A persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her

Question 2

Altered state of consciousness

Answer 2

State in which there is a shift in the quality pattern of mental activity as compared to weaken consciousness

Question 3

mindfulness meditation

Answer 3

Mental training practice that involves focusing your mind on your experiences in the present moment

Question 4

altered state

Answer 4

Sleep is one of the human body’s biological rhythms, natural cycles, and activities at the body must go through

Question 5

circadian rhythm

Answer 5

The cycle of physiological and biological processes that fluctuate on a roughly 24 hour timetable

Question 6

The wake/sleep cycle

Answer 6

Sleep has a biological rhythm cycle every 90 to 110 minutes five distinct stages

Question 7

electroencephalography

Answer 7

non-invasive test that records electrical activity in the brain

Question 8

Stage one

Answer 8

Transition period between wakefulness and sleep, drifting in and out of sleep

Question 9

stage two

Answer 9

Sleep spindles. Body temperature will drop heart rate slows, breathing, more shallow and irregular.

Question 10

stage three and four

Answer 10

Slow wave sleep, Delta waves begin to appear more often

Question 11

rem sleep

Answer 11

Rapid eye movements in your muscles become almost paralyzed brain waves, as if we were awake

Question 12

sleep paralysis

Answer 12

The presence or persistence of features of rapid eye-movement (rem) sleep during the transition into or out of sleep

Question 13

sleep deprivation

Answer 13

Occurs anytime that you get less sleep than your body needs. The degree of sleep deprivation can range from total acute sleep loss to chronic deprivation.

Question 14

rem rebound

Answer 14

Lengthening an increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye-movement sleep, which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation

Question 15

Microsleep

Answer 15

Microsleep is a fleeting, uncontrollable brief episode of sleep, which can last anywhere from a single fraction of a second up to 10 full seconds

Question 16

circadian rhythm disruption

Answer 16

And out of sync sleep/wake cycle

Question 17

jet lag

Answer 17

Temporary condition caused by rapid travel across time zones and may leave an individual experiencing fatigue, insomnia, nausea, or other symptoms as a result of circadian rhythm disruption

Question 18

insomnia

Answer 18

The inability to go to sleep stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

Question 19

sleep apnea

Answer 19

Chronic medical condition where the infected person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep

Question 20

narcolepsy

Answer 20

Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into rem sleep during the day without warning

Question 21

sleepwalking

Answer 21

The purposeful movement of walking that occurs in sleep like state

Question 22

nightmares

Answer 22

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Question 23

Night terrors

Answer 23

Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear, and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

Question 24

dreams

Answer 24

A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, or emotions that are experienced during sleep

Question 25

agonist

Answer 25

Drag that binds to receptors in the brain and activate the receptors they bind to

Question 26

antagonists

Answer 26

Block, receptor site, so natural agonist within the body cannot find where block reuptake of Neurotransmitters by certain neurons

Question 27

blood brain barrier

Answer 27

The blood brain barrier serves a filter, controlling which molecules can pass from the blood into the brain

Question 28

tolerance

Answer 28

Occurs when the body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give the desired effect, or a different medication is needed

Question 29

Physical dependence

Answer 29

Occurs when people suffer from withdrawal symptoms, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage

Question 30

psychological dependence

Answer 30

Cognitive and emotional aspects of addictive behaviors, or the withdrawal process from drugs

Question 31

addiction

Answer 31

People who have a drug addiction experience, compulsive, sometimes uncontrollable craving for the drug of choice

Question 32

depressants

Answer 32

Slow the activity of the central nervous system. They reduce tension and inhibitions and may interfere with a persons, judgment, motor activity, and concentration

Question 33

alcohol

Answer 33

any beverage containing ethyl, alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor

Question 34

sedative hypnotic drugs

Answer 34

A drug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and in higher doses to help people sleep

Question 35

barbiturates

Answer 35

Addictive, sedative, hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help people sleep

Question 36

benzodiazepines

Answer 36

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax

Question 37

opioids

Answer 37

Opium, or any of the drugs, derived from opium, including morphine, heroin and Codeine

Question 38

stimulants

Answer 38

Substances that increased activity of the central nervous system, resulting in increase blood pressure and heart rate more alertness, and sped up behavior and thinking

Question 39

Caffeine

Answer 39

The world’s most widely used stimulant. Acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system by producing a release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain

Question 40

amphetamines

Answer 40

A stimulant drug that is manufactured in the laboratory. Stimulate the central nervous system by increasing the release of the neural transmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin throughout the brain.

Question 41

methamphetamine

Answer 41

Illegal substance, super stimulate, which can include eight hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria

Question 42

cocaine

Answer 42

The most powerful natural stimulant now known. Stimulates the higher centers of the central nervous system, making users, feel excited, energetic, talkative, and even euphoric

Question 43

hallucinogens

Answer 43

A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening, perceptions, and producing illusions and hallucinogens

Question 44

LSD

Answer 44

Produces symptoms primarily by binding to some of the neurons that normally receive the transmitter serotonin changing the Neurotransmitter activity at those sites

Question 45

cannabis

Answer 45

Drugs produce from the variety of the hemp plant cannabis Sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic depressant, and stimulant effects.

Question 46

biological influences

Answer 46

Researchers have come to suspect that drug misuse may have biological causes

Question 47

psychodynamic views

Answer 47

Theorist believe that people with substance use disorders have powerful dependency needs that can be traced to the early years

Question 48

sociocultural influences

Answer 48

People are most likely to develop substance use disorders when they live under stressful Socioeconomic conditions

Question 49

behavioral views

Answer 49

Operant conditioning may play a key role in substance use disorders. Temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drunk has a rewarding affect, that’s increasing the likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again.

Question 50

cognitive views

Answer 50

serious degree that rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding, and this expectation helps motivate people to increase drug use at times of tension