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ap psych > unit 2- research and statistics > Flashcards

unit 2- research and statistics Flashcards

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1
Q

basic research

A

builds psychology’s knowledge

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2
Q

applied research

A

application of existing knowledge in the real world

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3
Q

theories

A

organized sets of concepts that explain phenomenon

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

prediction of how 2 or more factors are likely to be related

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5
Q

replication

A

repetition of the methods used in a previous experiment to see whether the same methods will yield the same results

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6
Q

reliability

A

consistency or repeatability of results

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7
Q

validity

A

extent to which an instrument measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

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8
Q

case study

A

examine one person or group in depth

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9
Q

naturalistic observation

A

describes behavior in its most natural state without interference or intervention

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10
Q

survey

A

self-report data, questions influenced by wording

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11
Q

Random sampling

A

gives every member of a population, an equal chance of being selected from the sample

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12
Q

double blind procedure

A

when neither the participant or researcher knows who receives the treatment or placebo

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13
Q

single blind procedure

A

when participants, don’t know if they get the treatment or placebo

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14
Q

descriptive statistics

A

describe sets of data

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15
Q

Inferential statistics

A

draw conclusions about the sets of data

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16
Q

mean

A

average value

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17
Q

median

A

middle value

18
Q

Mode

A

occurs most

19
Q

Range

A

difference between largest score and smallest score

20
Q

Standard deviation

A

how scores very around the mean score

21
Q

statistical significance

A

how likely that a result occurred by chance (p value less than 0.05)

22
Q

Ethics

A

American psychological association establishes ethical codes

23
Q

institutional review board (irb)

A

review proposals for research, approval needed for experiment

24
Q

institutional animal care and use committee

A

ensures that highest animal welfare standards are maintained

25
Q

informed consent

A

all subjects given necessary information to decide to participate in study or not

26
Q

debriefing

A

experimenter tells the subject more information about the studies, purpose and procedures, after the study is completed

27
Q

independent variable

A

The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment

28
Q

dependent variable

A

The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment

29
Q

Population

A

all of the individuals in the group to which the study applies

30
Q

experimental group

A

the treatment group

31
Q

control group

A

the comparison group

32
Q

random assignment

A

randomly assigning participants to the control group or experimental group to help establish cause-and-effect. It would eliminate or reduce the impact of specific individual differences/confounding variables in a study.

33
Q

confounding variable

A

A factor, other than the factor being studied that might influence the studies results

34
Q

operational

A

A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable

35
Q

experimenter bias

A

researchers expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained

36
Q

Placebo effect

A

seems to be a “real” medical treatment, but isn’t

37
Q

Positive correlation

A

variables move in the same direction if one increases, so does the other

38
Q

negative correlation

A

variables move in opposite directions, if one increases the other decreases

39
Q

experiment

A

manipulation of an independent variable, under controlled conditions, and measurements of its affects on a dependent variable

40
Q

quasi experiment

A

measurement of a dependent variable, when random assignment to groups is not possible

41
Q

naturalistic observation

A

careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations

ap psych (8 decks)

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