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Ap Classes > Unit 5 Review - Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 5 Review - Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

requires effort, requires attention, process new info

A

effortful processing

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2
Q

not much attention needed, muscle memory, unconscious processing

A

automatic processing

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3
Q

leads to better recall, considers the meaning of info

A

deep processing

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4
Q

surface level, structural vs phonemic (sound), surface characteristics (sound of name and look of face)

A

shallow processing

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5
Q

selecting what we want to pay attention to the most

A

selective attention

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6
Q

like a pie chart, dividing our attention into different things

A

divided attention

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7
Q

can only “hold” 7 items in your memory

A

short-term memory

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8
Q

limitless memory

A

long-term memory

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9
Q

conscious recall (in hippocampus) (episodic and semantic memories)

A

explicit memory

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10
Q

without conscious recall (in cerebellum)

A

implicit memory

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11
Q

receiving memory with sensory inputs (iconic and echoic memory)

A

sensory memory

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12
Q

memory with something you see (not aware)

A

iconic memory

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13
Q

memory with something you hear (not aware)

A

echoic memory

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14
Q

a vivid long-lasting memory about a surprising/shocking event that has happened in the past

A

flashbulb memory

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15
Q

episodes in life

A

episodic memory

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16
Q

thinking about information repeatedly

A

maintenance rehearsal

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17
Q

rehearsal of the meaning of the information

A

elaborative rehearsal

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18
Q

remembering information with processing

A

encoding

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19
Q

why the name of something makes sense with its meaning

A

semantic encoding

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20
Q

memorizing something by breaking it down into chunks

A

chunking

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21
Q

enhance retention and memory with an idea or phrase (ROYGBIV)

A

mnemonic device

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22
Q

how people remember info in a list that is mentioned first or last

A

serial positioning effect

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23
Q

remembering the last thing said

A

recency

24
Q

remembering the first thing said

A

primacy

25
Q

help you remember pieces of info (the more there are, the easier it is to remember)

A

retrieval cues

26
Q

specifically remembering info in the same place it was encoded

A

context dependent memory

27
Q

how what we can learn in one state (of mind) will be easier to recall in the same state (leaving keys somewhere when you’re drunk –> forgetting where they are when sober –> remembering where they are when drunk again)

A

state dependent memory

28
Q

process of bringing info from stored memories to conscious awareness

A

recall

29
Q

noticing something you have learned before

A

recognition

30
Q

measures how much faster someone can learn material that has been previously learned then forgotten

A

relearning

31
Q

when it becomes harder to recall old info because of learning new info

A

retroactive interference

32
Q

when it becomes harder to recall new info because of old info in the past

A

proactive interference

33
Q

when someone is unable to recall their most recent memories / their general past (usually from a traumatic event)

A

retrograde amnesia

34
Q

when someone is unable to form new memories; past memories can be recalled (not aware of this)

A

anterograde amnesia

35
Q

repressing memories and forgetting them (conscious or unconscious) (defense mechanism)

A

repression

36
Q

an increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid simulation (the strengthening of neural connections)

A

long-term potentiation

37
Q

the process where the brain turns short-term memories into long-term memories

A

memory consolidation

38
Q

a problem solving method which guarantees success, but takes a lot of time

A

algorithm

39
Q

a problem solving method which tries to solve problems quickly but doesn’t guarantee success

A

heuristic

40
Q

(supporting our beliefs) confirmation, belief perseverance, halo effect, self serving, actor-observer, attentional, anchoring, hindsight, and framing effect

A

biases

41
Q

an obsessive drive that may or may not be acted on that involves an object, concept, or person

A

fixation

42
Q

set, practiced ways to solve a problem

A

mental set

43
Q

a person’s recall of an event is negatively impacted and becomes less accurate due to info after the event (studied by Elizabeth Lotus)

A

misinformation effect

44
Q

the way a question is framed causes bias in our decisions

A

framing effect

45
Q

made the concept of general intelligence, where everyone has their own amount of general intelligence (G factor); factor analysis: clusters of related skills

A

Spearman

46
Q

a person’s general intelligence that can be reflected in an IQ score

A

G factor

47
Q

made the concept of multiple intelligences: naturalist, linguistic, interpersonal, intraperitoneal, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, musical, and logical-mathematical

A

Gardner

48
Q

a condition where someone shows exceptional ability in a single skill but limited general mental ability

A

savant syndrome

49
Q

based on the average level of performance for a certain age (represents someone’s cognitive ability)

A

mental age

50
Q

mental age, divided by actual age, times 100 (average=100)

A

IQ

51
Q

a tendency to only think of an object’s most common use when there is a problem

A

functional fixedness

52
Q

describes how the results of the IQ test have gone up over time (because of access to more resources)

A

Flynn effect

53
Q

assesses someone’s mental aptitudes

A

intelligence test

54
Q

tests how much could you know

A

aptitude test

55
Q

babbling stage, one-word stage, two-word stage, telegraphic speech

A

speech stages

56
Q

the idea that all children are born with the innate predisposition to learn language quickly

A

language acquisition device

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