Unit 4 Review - Psychology

Question 1

repeatedly pairing an original unconditioned stimulus, which produces a reflexive unconditioned response, with a new neutral stimulus so the new stimulus can produce the same response

Answer 1

classical conditioning

Question 2

studied the digestion of dogs (dogs drooling experiment)

Answer 2

Pavlov

Question 3

demonstrated classical conditioning by banging a pot and showing him a bunny so he will become afraid of bunnies and start crying

Answer 3

Little Albert

Question 4

founded behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior, and rejecting the study of mental process

Answer 4

Watson

Question 5

a form of learning that occurs by watching behaviors of others

Answer 5

observational learning

Question 6

experiment showing social learning theory –> people can learn by observing others in a social context

Answer 6

Bandura

Question 7

a stimulus used to create a natural response for certain behaviors through classical conditioning (the food in the dog experiment)

Answer 7

unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

a stimulus that used to be irrelevant, but after the unconditioned stimulus, it triggers the conditioned response (the bell in the dog experiment)

Answer 8

conditioned stimulus

Question 9

(unlearned) naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (drooling to the dog food)

Answer 9

unconditioned response

Question 10

a behavior that doesn’t come naturally, but is learned by a person (drooling to the bell instead of the food)

Answer 10

conditioned response

Question 11

stimulus that gets no response before conditioning (the bell before classical conditioning with the dogs)

Answer 11

neutral stimulus

Question 12

when the conditioned response is gotten rid of by conditioning it back to the natural response (the bell rings but the food doesn’t come, so eventually the dog will stop drooling to the bell)

Answer 12

extinction

Question 13

recovers a response that was believed to be extinct

Answer 13

spontaneous recovery

Question 14

having a conditioned response with all similar things (the baby crying at stuffed animal bunnies as well as living bunnies)

Answer 14

generalization

Question 15

when we are able to differentiate between 2 different stimuli (the dogs drooling at the high pitched bell, but not the door bell)

Answer 15

discrimination

Question 16

a method that strengthens a desired response

Answer 16

reinforcement

Question 17

a consequence to reduce an undesirable behavior

Answer 17

punishment

Question 18

frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing

Answer 18

mirror neurons

Question 19

knowledge that becomes clear when a person can actually use what they learned or apply it to a certain situation

Answer 19

latent learning

Question 20

reinforcement after a certain number of responses have been emitted

Answer 20

fixed ratio

Question 21

when a behavior is reinforced after a random number of responses

Answer 21

variable ratio

Question 22

a set amount of time between occurrences of something like a reward

Answer 22

fixed interval

Question 23

reward after a random amount of time (shooting star)

Answer 23

variable interval

Question 24

we learn by observing (modeling) behaviors

Answer 24

model

Question 25

organisms are evolutionarily predisposed to developing associations between certain stimuli and responses

Answer 25

biological preparedness / predisposition

Question 26

training a learned behavior that wouldn’t normally occur

Answer 26

shaping

Question 27

behavioral psychologist that trained animals in pursuit of rewards (not punishment); rewarding –> more likely to repent behavior)

Answer 27

Skinner

Question 28

a system of operant conditioning used for behavior therapy; rewards behavior with tokens (food or free time)

Answer 28

token economy