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Ap Classes > Unit 3 Review - Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 3 Review - Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

actual stimulants (not your perception) (sound waves, air waves, etc)

A

sensation

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2
Q

looking at the pieces / details first, then seeing the bigger picture

A

bottom-up processing

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3
Q

our brains paint a picture first, then you see the pieces / details

A

top-down processing

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4
Q

the image your brain creates after being stimulated (everything you see/hear/touch has to be stimulated)

A

perception

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5
Q

good figure, proximity, similarity, continuation, closure, symmetry

A

gestalt principles

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6
Q

how are our senses paint a picture (sensation –> perception)

A

transduction

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7
Q

the minimum stimulus necessary for our senses to pick up change (goes for all senses)

A

absolute threshold

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8
Q

stimuli which are just in the brain

A

subliminal

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9
Q

do we or do we not detect a stimulus

A

signal-detection theory

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10
Q

our difference threshold is based on percentage change, not total change

A

Weber’s law

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11
Q

our brains stop “painting” certain stimuli because we are “used to” it

A

sensory adaptation

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12
Q

any experience which influences what you perceive (experiences, smells, actions, etc)

A

perceptual set

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13
Q

“folders” we put information into

A

schemas

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14
Q

personal context impacts what we percieve

A

context effects

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15
Q

influenced to see something specific (can subliminally impact our perception of individuals)

A

priming

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16
Q

leads to inattentional blindness (can only pay attention to so much so you pay attention to select things)

A

selective attention

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17
Q

shows how we spotlight our attention depending on where we want it

A

cocktail party effect

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18
Q

the things you don’t see or hear, or that don’t show in your perception due to selective attention

A

inattentional blindness

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19
Q

when you don’t see something change

A

change blindness

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20
Q

our tendency to perceive things as having a figure and a “background” (melody vs the background music, even if they are the same volume)

A

figure-ground

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21
Q

can be seen with one eye (for depth perception) (occlusion, shading, relative size, distance to horizon, cast shadows, linear perspective, and texture gradient)

A

monocular cues

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22
Q

visual info taken in by 2 eyes that allow us to have a sense of depth perception (retinal convergence and retinal disparity)

A

binocular cues

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23
Q

as objects get closer, the image is more different

A

retinal disparity

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24
Q

size constancy (doesn’t change size as they move), shape constancy (things don’t change shapes as they move), and color/lighting constancy (things don’t change color)

A

perceptual constancy

25
Q

sensory interaction between sight and sound to create perception (“fa” vs “ba” but it is the same sound)

A

McGurk effect

26
Q

different colors have different types of these (wideness = color; height = brightness)

A

wavelength

27
Q

height of wavelength, brightness (high = bright; low = dim)

A

amplitude

28
Q

protective membrane of the eye

A

cornea

29
Q

opening in the iris of the eye

A

pupil

30
Q

adjusts to let appropriate levels of light in (dialation)

A

iris

31
Q

magnifying, focus, and directing light

A

lens

32
Q

allows for focusing on things that are near and far

A

accommodation

33
Q

contains rods and cones

A

retina

34
Q

pick up light, not as able to pick up color (in retina)

A

rods

35
Q

specialized to pick up color (in retina)

A

cones

36
Q

clumps of neurons that develop to recognize certain features

A

feature detectors

37
Q

blind spot, wiring to the brain

A

optic nerve

38
Q

our perception of color is the combo of 3 distinct colors (red, green, and blue)

A

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

39
Q

our perception of color comes in pairs which can’t be active at the same time (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black)

A

Opponent processing theory

40
Q

the sense of hearing

A

audition

41
Q

where the process begins that channels sound waves into the ear canal (outer ear)

A

pinna

42
Q

a tight membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it

A

eardrum

43
Q

where the physical stimuli of the sound wave is converted into a neural impulse (inner ear)

A

cochlea

44
Q

lined hair cells that are bent by vibrations (mechanical energy –> neural impulses)

A

basilar membrane

45
Q

helps with balance, filled with fluid

A

semicircular canal

46
Q

balance / bodily orientation

A

vestibular sacs

47
Q

cochlea is unable to sense sound (doesn’t perform transduction)

A

sensorineural hearing loss

48
Q

means there was bone damage (can get implants)

A

conduction hearing loss

49
Q

high pitch detected based on where the sound hits on the basilar membrane

A

place theory

50
Q

hair cells send signals faster so there is more sound

A

frequency theory

51
Q

taste buds on our tongues pick up chemicals in the food we eat (“tasty” foods would have been evolutionary beneficial)

A

gustation

52
Q

receptors in our nose pick up chemicals in the air, the info goes to the olfactory lobe, the amygdala, then the hippocampus (smell)

A

olfaction

53
Q

combo of pressure, warmth, cold, and pain (processed in the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe) (touch) (wet = cold + pressure)

A

somatosensation

54
Q

our spines contain a “gate” which allows or inhibits pain signals from reaching the brain; pain receptors activate small nerve fibers to open the “gate”; touch receptors partially block the “gate” (pain)

A

gate-control theory

55
Q

keeps you right side up; semicircular canals filled with fluid that moves

A

vestibular sense

56
Q

bodily sense, knowing where your body is without having to look

A

kinesthesis

57
Q

kinesthetic sense (bodily), goes with kinesthesis

A

proprioception

58
Q

our perception is a creation of all of our senses interacting (dizzy –> sight, semicircular canals, and more)

A

sensory interaction

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