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Changing Places > Unit 5 Notes > Flashcards

Unit 5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What issues are rural areas facing?

A

Ageing population, population decline, lack of service provision, lack of transport provision, housing availability.

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2
Q

What is the median age of urban areas in 2011, compared to 2001?

A

2011 - 37. 2001 - 36.

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3
Q

What is the median age of rural areas in 2011, compared to 2001?

A

2011 - 45. 2001 - 42.

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4
Q

Why does the age difference exist?

A

There are less jobs in the tertiary sector in rural areas, which younger people tend to be more involved in.

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5
Q

What is the largest age demographic for rural areas, compared to urban areas?

A

Rural areas - 45-59. Urban areas - 15-44.

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6
Q

What is the process of the spiral of decline for rural areas?

A

Less money, less employment, fewer people leads to shops closing. People start to notice decline and lower quality of life. People leave for more opportunity in urban areas. Employers find it more difficult to recruit labour.

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7
Q

What are the effects of rural depopulation on service provision?

A

Decline in the number of services, reduction in frequency of bus services, branch closures, decrease in range or variety of services offered.

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8
Q

What are some rural services having to do to survive?

A

Become community owned - in order to survive, as footfall isn’t high enough to exist as private businesses.

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9
Q

What is an example of a community owned service?

A

Pub is the hub - pubs branching out into other services such as local shops, post offices and amenities.

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10
Q

What happens as parish size increases?

A

The percentage of people who don’t have access to essential services typically decreases.

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11
Q

What happened to rural areas mileage between 2011-2017?

A

It fell by 6.2%.

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12
Q

What could a decrease in mileage lead to?

A

Social exclusion and isolation.

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13
Q

What is the case study of population decline?

A

St. John’s chapel, county durham.

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14
Q

What is the percentage of 0-15 year olds, compared to national?

A

SJC - 14%. Nat - 19%.

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15
Q

What is the percentage of 16-24 year olds, compared to national?

A

SJC - 4%. Nat - 12%.

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16
Q

What is the percentage of 25-60 year olds, compared to national?

A

SJC - 46%. Nat - 48%.

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17
Q

What is the percentage of 60+ year olds, compared to national?

A

SJC - 36%. Nat - 21%.

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18
Q

What does the age data show?

A

It’s an area experiencing an ageing population, and outward migration.

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19
Q

Why is St. john’s chapel a declining settlement?

A

Traditional employment in the area is declining, as it’s a former mining area.

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20
Q

What happens to areas as they become more rural?

A

The amount of broadband coverage they have declines, leading to a digital divide.

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21
Q

What are the issues of limited broadband coverage?

A

Growing separation from urban areas, lack of social life, lack of accessibility to schools, lack of earnings via online means.

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22
Q

What are the categories of housing issues?

A

Second Home ownership, counter urbanisation.

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23
Q

What does counter-urbanisation affect?

A

Accessible rural settlements.

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24
Q

What does second home ownership affect?

A

Settlements in attractive rural locations.

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25
Q

Who are second homes often owned by?

A

The wealthiest members of society.

26
Q

Which areas have more than 5% of properties as second homes?

A

Devon, Cornwall, Isle of Wight, Northumberland, Norfolk.

27
Q

What has increased demand for homes done in Cornwall?

A

Increased house prices.

28
Q

What issues are created for local residents?

A

Less people to fulfil job opportunities, Demand for services will increase and decrease at certain times of the year, unstable for business owners, local population forced out.

29
Q

What was the average cost of a house in Cornwall, compared to national?

A

Cornwall - £183,179. National - £162, 561.

30
Q

What is the affordability ratio for houses in Cornwall, compared to national?

A

Cornwall - 8.57. England - 6.62.

31
Q

What % of Helford are 0-15, compared to national?

A

Hel - 12%. Nat - 19%.

32
Q

What % of Helford are 16-24, compared to national?

A

Hel - 1%. Nat - 12%.

33
Q

What % of Helford is 25-60, compared to national?

A

Hel - 50%. Nat - 48%.

34
Q

What % of Helford are 60+, compared to national?

A

Hel - 25%. Nat - 3%.

35
Q

What evidence is there to support high second home ownership?

A

There is a higher proportion of young people, and less families.

36
Q

What are pull factors for second home ownership?

A

Lots of natural beauty, nice views, peaceful, away from city, good for retired people.

37
Q

What are the negative impacts of second home ownership?

A

You don’t have to live in the area to have a say, Less demand for local services as a result, reduces chance for self employment.

38
Q

What action have local people taken to combat the problem?

A

Placed a ban on new builds for second homes.

39
Q

What are the arguments for controlling second home ownership?

A

They have pushed up prices, which has pushed out locals. Young people are currently leaving the town, as they can’t afford the local accommodation.

40
Q

What are the arguments against controlling second home ownership?

A

Reduces potential investment in the area, reduces profile/appeal of the area to outsiders, household jobs are created.

41
Q

Where are second homes usually purchased?

A

Physically attractive locations in the countryside, or rural towns.

42
Q

What are three locations of high second home ownership?

A

Devon, Cornwall, Isle of Wight.

43
Q

What has happened as a result of increased second homes?

A

Less people to fulfil job opportunities, demand for services will increase and decrease service provision. Unstable demand.

44
Q

What are the positive impacts of second home ownership?

A

Influx of wealth coming into an area, new industries created in the area, increased demand for high-order services.

45
Q

What action has been taken to tackle second homes?

A

Ban on new builds for second homes, signs saying ‘English out’

46
Q

What are the arguments for control of second home ownership?

A

Pushed up prices push out locals, young people are lost from the town, which could cause ‘brain drain’

47
Q

What are the arguments against controlling second home ownership?

A

Reduces investment in the area, reduces appeal of area to outsiders, housekeeping jobs created.

48
Q

Why did Counter-urbanisation become important in the 70’s?

A

Increased vehicle ownership, improvements to road systems.

49
Q

What % of the population lived in urban areas in 1990, compared to 2014?

A

1990 - 88%. 2014 - 82%.

50
Q

What professions are people living in rural areas more likely to have?

A

More likely to be managers or directors, compared to urban areas.

51
Q

What are the push factors from urban areas?

A

Crime, traffic, unproductive, not many employment opportunities in some former industrial communities, pollution.

52
Q

What are the pull factors to rural areas?

A

Life in rural areas is perceived to be better, people are happier, cheaper house prices for the amount of land available, more opportunity, idyllic.

53
Q

What are the perceptions of rural life?

A

More idyllic, less crime, more green spaces, less pollution, wealthier and safer, less congestion.

54
Q

Which areas are currently experiencing population growth?

A

Ipswich, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Kent, Oxford.

55
Q

What are the reasons people may move to Cambridgeshire?

A

Good transport links, commutable, more natural beauty.

56
Q

How did St. Ives population grow from 1951-2011?

A

1951 - 3078. 1971 - 7148. 2011 - 16348.

57
Q

What was the area of the settlement in 1951, compared to now?

A

1951 - 0.5 km. 2024 - 4.4 km.

58
Q

What is the context of St. Ives?

A

70 miles north of London, situated on the river great Ouse, mainly farmland, population is becoming younger, many people living there work in London

59
Q

How has counter-urbanisation affected St. Ives?

A

Population of the town is becoming younger, 25% of the population now commute to London daily. Journey times were reduced. Low order services have expanded, as population grew. Jobs in Cambridge are outside of the city centre.

60
Q

What have been the impacts of Counter-urbanisation?

A

Traffic congestion is more of a problem than it has been before, house prices more than doubled from 2000-2011. A rise in demand, and higher incomes from commuters pushed up the price. 1000 properties are at risk of flooding.

61
Q

What are the management strategies to control Counter Urbanisation?

A

200 new homes, 75 affordable were approved in 2010, 240 more primary school places, new embankments and flood walls were constructed in 2007, costing £8.8 million.

Changing Places (13 decks)

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