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Changing Places > Unit 4 Notes > Flashcards

Unit 4 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the examples of quaternary areas of employment?

A

Research and development, artists, medicine, musicians, telecommunications.

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2
Q

How much is the quaternary sector worth to the economy?

A

£30 Billion.

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3
Q

What percentage of employees are employed in this sector?

A

Around 15%.

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4
Q

What are the main factors behind quaternary sector growth?

A

Firms investing in larger research developments to develop new products in saturated markets. Expansion of universities, building a high-skilled workforce.

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5
Q

Which factors affect the location of the quaternary industry?

A

Skilled workforce, communications infrastructure, government.

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6
Q

How does a skilled workforce affect the location of the industry?

A

People who work in this industry have a high level of education, are are clustered around universities.

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7
Q

How does communications infrastructure affect location?

A

Fast connectivity is important for firms to share information, as well as transport infrastructure, so people can attend meetings.

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8
Q

How does government affect location?

A

£9 billion was spent on R and D in research institutes, as foreign direct investment.

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9
Q

What is a location quotient?

A

A way of quantifying how concentrated an industry or demographic is in a region, compared to national figures?

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10
Q

What is the equation for location quotient?

A

(Region industry employment/Region total employment)//(National industry employment//National total employment)

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11
Q

What does an LQ of more than 1.25 mean?

A

A significant degree of clustering, above national average.

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12
Q

What does an LQ of less than 1 mean?

A

No clustering, below national average.

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13
Q

What are the examples of location quotients, around the country?

A

Cambridge - 2.15. Birmingham - 0.84. Windsor - 1.55. Dudley - 0.67.

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14
Q

What is the case study for clustering?

A

M4 Corridor.

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15
Q

Where does the M4 corridor run from/to?

A

Runs from the west of London to reading, Swindon and Bristol.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of the M4 as an area?

A

Good road communication, quick route into Central London, Heathrow airport, government research centres, Inward migration has created a skilled workforce.

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17
Q

What are the M4 research centres?

A

Aldermaston and Harwell, Jealott’s Hill, Porton Down, Brunel university.

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18
Q

What is the role of Aldermaston and Harwell?

A

Researches nuclear reactors, fuel design, and atomic energy.

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19
Q

What is the role of Jealott’s hill?

A

New active ingredients, product design, technical support.

20
Q

What is the role of Porton down?

A

Research into chemical weapons, research facilities.

21
Q

What is the history of Cambridge science park?

A

The land was given to trinity college, Cambridge in 1546, and the science park was founded by the college in 1970.

22
Q

When did the first company move to Cambridge science park?

A

1973.

23
Q

How many companies were there in 1999?

A

64, employing 4000 people.

24
Q

What is the agglomeration of economies?

A

The benefits which come from firms and people locating near one another in cities, where production is cheaper because of clustering.

25
Q

What kind of companies operate there?

A

Bio Medical and telecommunication companies.

26
Q

What transport infrastructure is present in Cambridge?

A

Travel plan plus, enterprise car club, e-bike service, travel discounts for employees.

27
Q

What % of people are employed in science related jobs across the country?

A

Cambridge - 8.2%. London - 2.3%. Birmingham - 2.4%. Oxford - 6.1%. Manchester - 2.6%.

28
Q

What were house prices in England in 2013, compared to 2020?

A

2013 - £175,000. 2020 - £240,000

29
Q

What were house prices in Cambridge in 2013, compared to 2020?

A

2013 - £291,000. 2020 - £426,000.

30
Q

Which factors may have caused the house price rise?

A

High tech, advanced jobs, good jobs, University of Cambridge, close to London

31
Q

What was the unemployment rate in different areas in 2011?

A

England - 4.4%. Cambridge - 2.7%. London - 5%. Manchester - 5%. Oxford - 3.1%. Birmingham - 6.7%.

32
Q

What has happened to traffic levels since 2000?

A

They have increased, which could be a sign of overheating.

32
Q

What was the population increase in Cambridge from 2000-2011, compared to England?

A

Cambridge - 13.78%. England - 7.88%.

33
Q

What may have caused the population increase?

A

Because of potential job growth in the quaternary sector.

34
Q

Who are the winners of economic growth in cambridge?

A

People who have skills in the quaternary industry, as new jobs are tailored to them. People who work at Cambridge science park, as there are transport schemes, which help reduce emissions.

35
Q

Who are the losers of economic growth in cambridge?

A

Original people who don’t work in the quaternary industry, as they may struggle to find jobs. The environment, as there is increased congestion, meaning more environmental problems.

36
Q

What is the role of the spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test?

A

To determine if there is a relationship between two sets of data, the level of confidence in the relationship, positive negative correlation.

37
Q

What does an RS value greater than the critical value mean?

A

The result is statistically significant, and there is significant correlation between variables.

38
Q

What are the steps of working out the spearman’s test?

A

Rank each set of data individually, calculate the difference between the two sets of data which are ranked. Calculate the square of the difference. Substitute the value into the equation.

39
Q

What is the background of the Custard factory site?

A

It was made for Alfred bird to produce egg-free custard in 1906, until the company moved to banbury in 1964.

40
Q

How much was the project given in 1992 to redevelop?

A

£800,000 by the city. £1.8 million of private sector investment.

41
Q

How much space was transformed as a result?

A

100,000 Square Feet.

42
Q

How many jobs were created as a result of redevelopment?

A

300.

43
Q

What spaces were created by phase one of the project?

A

Spaces for the creative industry, and have space to up and coming artists.

44
Q

What did phase two involve?

A

Completed in 2002, giving space to office worker, art galleries and restaurants. Estimated to have added 1000 jobs to the local economy.

45
Q

What types of businesses are located there?

A

Media companies, artists, creative enterprises, dance studios, theatre companies, media businesses.

46
Q

What were the impacts of the redevelopment?

A

Created a music scene and expanded the music scene . Created jobs, boosting local economic growth. Created a new community, as a new residential area was created outside of the development.

Changing Places (13 decks)

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