Unit 5 - Lesson 1: Intro To Medical Terms Flashcards
A term named for the person who discovered the illness or procedure
Eponym
An abbreviation formed from the initial letter or letters of a word or phrase
Acronym
A unit of meaning attached to the front of a word
Prefix
The core or foundation of a words meaning; all medical terms have at least one
Root
A vowel (most often “o”) added to the end of a root word, without changing the meaning
Combining vowel
The root and combining vowel together
Combining form
A unit of meaning attached to the end of a word
Suffix
Looking at the parts in this order: suffix, prefix, root (s)
Determining the meaning of a term
Cells, tissues, organs, systems
Structures of the human body
The simplest of all living things; all plants and animals are made up of these
Cell
So small that you can’t see it without a microscope; all cells are this
Microscopic
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and nucleus
Three main cell parts
Outer boundary of the cell; made up of proteins and lipids; keeps out harmful substances
Plasma membrane(cell membrane)
The material that forms cells; it fills the space between the plasma membrane in the nucleus
Cytoplasm
The command and control center in the middle of the cell; contains nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, and ribosomes
Nucleus
A double layered substance that has openings in it to let materials pass between it and the cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
A network of structures in the cytoplasm that connects the parts of the cell and functions in transportation and storage
Endoplasmic reticulum
A body of cells organized to perform a certain function
Tissue
Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nerve
Four tissue types
Covers inner and outer surfaces of the body
Epithelial tissue
Connects or supports other body structures
Connective tissue
Relaxes and contracts to allow body parts to move and certain organs to function
Muscle tissue
Extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain
Nerve tissue
Formed when two thin layers of tissue join together; usually secrete a fluid
Membrane
Line the cavities of joints that move freely, such as shoulders, elbows, knees, and fingers
Synovial membranes
On the back, with face upward
Supine or recumbent position
On the belly, with face down
Prone position
Lying on the side, either left or right
Lateral recumbent position
Body is standing upright, with face directed straightahead, arms at sides, palms and toes turned forward
Anatomical position
Sections of body space
Planes
A hollow place or space within the body or one of the bodies organs
Cavity
Includes the head, neck and torso or trunk
Axial portion of the body
Includes the appendages of the body, or extremities better known as limbs
Appendicular portion of the body
Subdivided into the cranial cavity(Houses the brain) and the spinal cavity (vertebral canal)
Dorsal cavity
Subdivided into the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Ventral cavity
Largest ventral cavity; contains the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
Abdominopelvic cavity
Divides the right and left quadrants; contains the aorta, pancreas, small intestine, bladder, and spine
Midline
Using the building blocks from food to construct body tissue and store carbohydrate energy; this process requires energy
Anabolism
The opposite of anabolism ; A process in which a complex substance is broken down into its smaller components
Catabolism
The sum of the chemical reactions of anabolism and catabolism
Metabolism
Makes up more than half of the human body; is a component of blood and fills up the space inside and between the cells; required for survival
Water
Found in starches and sugars; the body‘s main source of energy; all of these are eventually broken down into or converted to glucose
Carbohydrates
Known for their capability to store energy; also provide protection and communication between cells
Lipids also known as fats
The basic building blocks of the body; makes up muscles and other tissues and is found in every part of cells
Protein
Chemical compounds present in very small amounts in food; serve a variety of purposes in daily metabolism
Minerals and trace elements
Organic compounds that function as co-enzymes, assisting enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions
Vitamins
A measure of energy contained in food; a kilocalorie equals 1000 cal
Calorie
Lipids that assist with energy storage
Fats and oils
Divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal or coronal plane
Divides the body vertically into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
Goes through the exact median of the body, dividing it into two near mirror images
Mid sagittal plane
Divides the body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
Transverse or cross-sectional plane
Lipids that prevent water loss within the body and protect cells
Waxes
Lipids that assist with the communication process between cells; composed of cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen
Steroids
