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Medical Billing & Coding > Unit 5 - Lesson 1: Intro To Medical Terms > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Lesson 1: Intro To Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A term named for the person who discovered the illness or procedure

A

Eponym

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2
Q

An abbreviation formed from the initial letter or letters of a word or phrase

A

Acronym

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3
Q

A unit of meaning attached to the front of a word

A

Prefix

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4
Q

The core or foundation of a words meaning; all medical terms have at least one

A

Root

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5
Q

A vowel (most often “o”) added to the end of a root word, without changing the meaning

A

Combining vowel

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6
Q

The root and combining vowel together

A

Combining form

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7
Q

A unit of meaning attached to the end of a word

A

Suffix

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8
Q

Looking at the parts in this order: suffix, prefix, root (s)

A

Determining the meaning of a term

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9
Q

Cells, tissues, organs, systems

A

Structures of the human body

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10
Q

The simplest of all living things; all plants and animals are made up of these

A

Cell

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11
Q

So small that you can’t see it without a microscope; all cells are this

A

Microscopic

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12
Q

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and nucleus

A

Three main cell parts

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13
Q

Outer boundary of the cell; made up of proteins and lipids; keeps out harmful substances

A

Plasma membrane(cell membrane)

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14
Q

The material that forms cells; it fills the space between the plasma membrane in the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

The command and control center in the middle of the cell; contains nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, and ribosomes

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

A double layered substance that has openings in it to let materials pass between it and the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear membrane

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17
Q

A network of structures in the cytoplasm that connects the parts of the cell and functions in transportation and storage

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

A body of cells organized to perform a certain function

A

Tissue

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19
Q

Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nerve

A

Four tissue types

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20
Q

Covers inner and outer surfaces of the body

A

Epithelial tissue

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21
Q

Connects or supports other body structures

A

Connective tissue

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22
Q

Relaxes and contracts to allow body parts to move and certain organs to function

A

Muscle tissue

23
Q

Extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain

A

Nerve tissue

24
Q

Formed when two thin layers of tissue join together; usually secrete a fluid

A

Membrane

25
Q

Line the cavities of joints that move freely, such as shoulders, elbows, knees, and fingers

A

Synovial membranes

26
Q

On the back, with face upward

A

Supine or recumbent position

27
Q

On the belly, with face down

A

Prone position

28
Q

Lying on the side, either left or right

A

Lateral recumbent position

29
Q

Body is standing upright, with face directed straightahead, arms at sides, palms and toes turned forward

A

Anatomical position

30
Q

Sections of body space

A

Planes

31
Q

A hollow place or space within the body or one of the bodies organs

A

Cavity

32
Q

Includes the head, neck and torso or trunk

A

Axial portion of the body

33
Q

Includes the appendages of the body, or extremities better known as limbs

A

Appendicular portion of the body

34
Q

Subdivided into the cranial cavity(Houses the brain) and the spinal cavity (vertebral canal)

A

Dorsal cavity

35
Q

Subdivided into the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Ventral cavity

36
Q

Largest ventral cavity; contains the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

37
Q

Divides the right and left quadrants; contains the aorta, pancreas, small intestine, bladder, and spine

A

Midline

38
Q

Using the building blocks from food to construct body tissue and store carbohydrate energy; this process requires energy

A

Anabolism

39
Q

The opposite of anabolism ; A process in which a complex substance is broken down into its smaller components

A

Catabolism

40
Q

The sum of the chemical reactions of anabolism and catabolism

A

Metabolism

41
Q

Makes up more than half of the human body; is a component of blood and fills up the space inside and between the cells; required for survival

A

Water

42
Q

Found in starches and sugars; the body‘s main source of energy; all of these are eventually broken down into or converted to glucose

A

Carbohydrates

43
Q

Known for their capability to store energy; also provide protection and communication between cells

A

Lipids also known as fats

44
Q

The basic building blocks of the body; makes up muscles and other tissues and is found in every part of cells

A

Protein

45
Q

Chemical compounds present in very small amounts in food; serve a variety of purposes in daily metabolism

A

Minerals and trace elements

46
Q

Organic compounds that function as co-enzymes, assisting enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions

A

Vitamins

47
Q

A measure of energy contained in food; a kilocalorie equals 1000 cal

A

Calorie

48
Q

Lipids that assist with energy storage

A

Fats and oils

49
Q

Divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal or coronal plane

50
Q

Divides the body vertically into right and left parts

A

Sagittal plane

51
Q

Goes through the exact median of the body, dividing it into two near mirror images

A

Mid sagittal plane

52
Q

Divides the body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

A

Transverse or cross-sectional plane

53
Q

Lipids that prevent water loss within the body and protect cells

A

Waxes

54
Q

Lipids that assist with the communication process between cells; composed of cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen

A

Steroids

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