Unit 2 - Lesson 2: Ethics In Allied Health Flashcards
Attempt to systemize, defend, and recommend concepts of right and wrong behavior
Ethical theories
While moral obligation focuses on an individuals conscience or on societies opinion about behavior, legal obligations are enforceable by the states power without regard to an individual’s conscience
Ethics versus law
A branch of ethical theory that considers the origin and meaning of ethical principles
Metaethics
Involves determining the moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct; the three theories of this type of ethics are virtue theory, duty theory, consequentialist theory
Normative ethics
Taken by physicians and pertains to the ethical practice of medicine
Hippocratic oath
The proper form of social interaction in a given culture or community
Etiquette
Signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010; makes health insurance coverage mandatory
Affordable care act (ACA)
A list of approved drugs from which doctors must prescribe to have insurance cover the pharmaceuticals
Formulary
The practice of traveling to other countries for medical procedures due to lower cost
Medical tourism
An epidemic, or a sudden outbreak, that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, continent, or the world
Pandemic
Requires that the patient give informed consent prior to the start of any medical treatment
Patient autonomy
Takes away patient autonomy and gives the power to medical personnel or the government for society’s benefit
Medical paternalism
Authorizes gifts of the body or any part of the body
Uniform anatomical gift act
Test tube fertilization, artificial insemination
Non-natural methods of conception
A science that deals with “improving” hereditary qualities
Eugenics
Encourages reproduction by those considered genetically superior
Positive eugenics
Limits or discourages reproduction by those considered genetically inferior
Negative eugenics
A medical technique used to test DNA in amniotic fluid; allows physicians to identify genetic abnormalities before birth
Amniocentesis
In 1973, in a landmark decision regarding abortion, the US Supreme Court applied the right to privacy to abortion
Row versus Wade
Laws that make causing the death of a fetus a crime separate and independent from any crime committed against the woman carrying the fetus
Fetal homicide laws
A parents claim against a doctor for damages caused by the birth of a child that occur when a doctor fails to detect and disclose a child’s birth defects in time to permit abortion
Wrongful birth
Instructions people may give regarding their wishes concerning medical treatment in the event that they are unable to make those decisions for themselves ( e.g. due to being unconscious or mentally incompetent)
Advance medical directives
Prevents efforts to resuscitate those who have exhibited the signs of death; doesn’t go into affect until the person is permanently unconscious without realistic hope of recovery
Do not resuscitate(DNR) Order
Authorizes a person to make medical decisions for a patient when the patient is unable to do so
Durable power of attorney(DPA)
Occurs when a patient takes actions to terminate his or her life using means supplied by someone else
Assisted suicide
Occurs when a person takes an action that causes the death of another person; sometimes called “mercy killing”
Euthanasia
Pertains to the character of a person as displayed by the virtues that he or she possesses
Virtue theory
Pertains to a person‘s obligations from the standpoint of morality
Duty theory
Based on the consequences of people’s actions based on their own ethics and morals
Consequentialist theory
