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Physical Geology > Unit 5 HW V. > Flashcards

Unit 5 HW V. Flashcards

1
Q

Fine-grained sediment formed by the accumulation of windblown dust

A

loess

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2
Q

Deep bay with steep walls

A

fjord

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3
Q

sand ridge that forms at a right angle to wind direction

A

transverse dune

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4
Q

region of shallow water between a barrier island and the shoreline

A

lagoon

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5
Q

form of erosion in which fine, dry soil particles are blown away

A

deflation

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6
Q

resistant rock formation that projects out from the shore

A

headland

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7
Q

process by which wind moves sand along the ground

A

saltation

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8
Q

area of shoreline made up of deposited sedimetn

A

beach

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9
Q

bay in which salt water and fresh water mix

A

estuary

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10
Q

rock smoothed by wind erosion

A

ventifact

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11
Q

The process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions

A

chemical weathering

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12
Q

a process in which the materials of earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent such as wind, water, ice, or gravity

A

erosion

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13
Q

a vertical section of soil that shows the layers or horizons

A

soil profiles

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14
Q

the process by which a metallic element combines with oxygen

A

oxidation

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15
Q

the process by which softer, less weather-resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather-resistant rocks do

A

differential weathering

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16
Q

the elevation or slope of the land surface; influences the rate of weathering

A

topography

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17
Q

the process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces by physical means

A

mechanical weathering

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18
Q

the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand particles

A

abrasion

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19
Q

the slow, downslope flow of soil saturated with water in areas surrounding glaciers at high elevations

A

solifluction

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20
Q

a horizontal layer of soil that can be distinguished from the layers above and below it

A

horizon

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21
Q

water with high concentrations of dissolved minerals

A

hard water

22
Q

a large cave consisting of many smaller connecting chambers

A

cavern

23
Q

a circular depression that forms at the surface when rock dissolves, sediment is removed, or caves collapse

A

sinkhole

24
Q

topography formed on limestone characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and underground drainage

A

karst topography

25
Q

water beneath Earth’s surface

A

groundwater

26
Q

a body of rock that stores and allows the flow of underground water

A

aquifer

27
Q

the percentage of the total volume of rock consisting of open spaces

A

porosity

28
Q

the upper surface of underground water

A

water table

29
Q

the sloping layer of permeable rock between two layers of impermeable rock that is exposed at the surface

A

artesian formation

30
Q

the ability of rock to let water flow through its open spaces

A

permeability

31
Q

a narrow glacier formed in a mountainous region

A

alpine glacier

32
Q

part of an ice sheet that moves over the ocean

A

ice shelf

33
Q

the circular motion of earth’s axis over thousands of years

A

precession

34
Q

a large rock transported by a glacier from a distant source

A

erratic

35
Q

the process by which glaciers flow as ice gains deform under pressure and slide over each other

A

internal plastic flow

36
Q

a bowl-shaped depression formed by glacial erosion

A

cirque

37
Q

a long, winding ride of stratified drift deposited by meltwater flowing within a glacier

A

esker

38
Q

a large mass of moving ice

A

glacier

39
Q

an almost motionless mass of permanent sow and ice

A

snowfield

40
Q

a period of warmer climate during which glaciers retreat

A

interglacial period

41
Q

any form of water that falls to Earth’s surface from the clouds, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail

A

precipitation

42
Q

change of state from a gas to a liquid

A

condensation

43
Q

the process of removing salt from ocean water

A

desalination

44
Q

an area along a river formed by sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks

A

floodplain

45
Q

the fan-shaped mass of rock material deposited by a stream on land where the slope decreases sharply

A

alluvial fan

46
Q

an area of land drained by a river system

A

watershed

47
Q

a fan-shaped mass of rock material deposited at the mouth of a stream

A

delta

48
Q

the volume of water moved by a stream in a given time period

A

discharge

49
Q

the total water loss from an area by evaporation and transpiration

A

evapotranspiration

50
Q

a stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream

A

tributary

Physical Geology (10 decks)

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