Unit 2 vocab *unbolded*

Question 1

Metals

Answer 1

elements who are likely to donate electrons and have metallic properties; conductors, metallic luster, generally solid, ductile, malleable

Question 2

Nonmetals

Answer 2

who are more likely to take on electrons; dull, brittle, insulative, multiple states

Question 3

Metalloids

Answer 3

elements who have varied properties of each a metal and nonmetal

Question 4

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 4

molecules only made of 2 atoms

Question 5

chemical formula

Answer 5

combination of letters and #s that show which elements make up a compound

Question 6

Chemical Equation

Answer 6

reaction of elements and compounds

Question 7

chemical bonds

Answer 7

force that holds together atoms

Question 8

covalent bonds

Answer 8

bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons; some covalent bonds can still be polar

Question 9

ionic bond

Answer 9

attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another

Question 10

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 10

mixture in which two or more substances are not uniformly distributed

Question 11

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 11

having the same composition and properties throughout

Question 12

solution

Answer 12

homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

Question 13

alloy

Answer 13

solution made of two or more metals

Question 14

Crystal

Answer 14

solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

Question 15

silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

Answer 15

the basic unit of the structure of silicate minerals; a silicon ion chemically bonded to and surrounded by four oxygen ions

Question 16

magnetism

Answer 16

some minerals are magnetic because of their iron content (not all iron containing minerals are magnetic)

Question 17

radioactivity

Answer 17

some minerals are radioactive which release particles and energy

Question 18

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Answer 18

simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which mineral crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point

Question 19

Chemical stability

Answer 19

measure of the tendency of a chemical compound to maintain its original chemical composition rather than break down to form a different chemical

Question 20

Physical stability

Answer 20

the ability to withstand certain conditions and maintain their structure; due to natural weaknesses

Question 21

Igneous Rock

Answer 21

rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

Question 22

partial melting

Answer 22

process by which different minerals melt in a rock at different ties

Question 23

Fractional crystallization

Answer 23

process in which different chemical compounds are separated from a solution through crystallization

Question 24

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 24

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma IN earth’s surface

Question 25

Extrusive Igneous rocks

Answer 25

Rock that forms from the cooling of solidification of lava AT Earth's surface

Question 26

Felsic

Answer 26

Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color

Question 27

Mafic

Answer 27

describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color

Question 28

Intermediate

Answer 28

Composition in between mafic and felsic

Question 29

sedimentary rocks

Answer 29

made up of combinations of different types of sediment

Question 30

Sediment

Answer 30

loose fragments of rock, minerals, and organic materials that results from natural processes

Question 31

compaction

Answer 31

the process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments

Question 32

Cementation

Answer 32

process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock

Question 33

Sorting

Answer 33

tendency for currents of air or water to separate sediments according to size

Question 34

Angularity

Answer 34

degree of rounding of a sediment

Question 35

Depositional Environmen

Answer 35

place sediment is deposited

Question 36

Stratification

Answer 36

layering of sedimentary rock

Question 37

Cross-beds

Answer 37

layers of sedimentary rock that slant

Question 38

Graded bedding

Answer 38

various sizes and kings of materials are deposited within a single layer

Question 39

Ripple Marks

Answer 39

caused by the action of wind or water on sand

Question 40

Mud cracks

Answer 40

cracks that exist in clay sediment due to water in environment that dries out

Question 41

Conretions

Answer 41

Minerals or rocks that precipitate into a sedimentary rock that differ from the sedimentary rock themselves; often form when groundwater dissolves and deposits minerals

Question 42

foliation

Answer 42

metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains ARE arranged in planes or bands

Question 43

Nonfoliated

Answer 43

metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are NOT arranged in planes or bands

Question 44

Ore

Answer 44

natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably

Question 45

Gemstones

Answer 45

mineral, rock, or organic material that can be used in jewelry or an ornament when it is cut and polished

Question 46

Solar Energy

Answer 46

energy received by Earth from the sun in the form of radiation

Question 47

Wind Energy

Answer 47

Wind turbines use the movement of air to convert wind energy to mechanical energy to generate electricity

Question 48

Hydroelectric

Answer 48

electrical energy produced by the flow of water

Question 49

Geothermal Energy

Answer 49

energy produced by heat within the Earth

Question 50

Biomass

Answer 50

plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source

Question 51

Reclamation

Answer 51

when mining companies are required to return mined land to its original condition after mining is complete in order to reduce the damage done to ecosystems

Question 52

Conservation

Answer 52

Preservation and wise use of natural resources

Question 53

Recycling

Answer 53

process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waster or scrap; the process of reusing some items

Question 54

Solar Collector

Answer 54

used in an active solar energy system

Question 55

anthracite

Answer 55

the hardest form of coal

Question 56

Permeable Rock

Answer 56

Has interconnected spaces through which liquids can flow

Question 57

Petroleum

Answer 57

composed of liquid hydrocarbons