Unit 5- Ecosystems Flashcards
What are biomes?
Large scale ecosystems
Abiotic factors living and interacting with eachother
x5
What are the biomes called?
-Deciduous forest
-Tundra/Taiga
-Tropical
-Desert
-Savanah
Tropical rainforest?
Where, Rainfall, temperature
Where:
-Amazon 3°S, 62°W
Rainfall:
-2,000mm TO 10,000mm
Temperature:
sep->24°C
Jan->26°C
Low pressure systems near the equator
Desert?
arid
Where, Rainfall, temperature
Where:
-Sahara 25°N, 14°E
Rainfall:
-25mm TO 200mm
Temperature:
Aug->28°C
Jan->14°C
High pressure systems near the Equator
Temperate (deciduous) woodland?
Where, Rainfall, temperature
Where:
-40°N, 80°W
Rainfall:
-750mm TO 1500mm
Temperature:
July->25°C
Jan->6°C
Low pressure Northern areas
Uk
Tundra
Where, Rainfall, temperature
Where:
-60°S, 140°W
Rainfall:
-150mm TO 250mm
Temperature:
sep->24°C
Jan->26°C
Very Noth and Very south
e.g North Russia
What are the 4 sections of a rainforest?
-Emergents
-Canopy
-Undercanopy
-Shrub layer
Factors of the Emergents?
height, no., roots, leaves
-50 to 60m tall
-1 to 2 emergent trees per acre
-Wide roots (withstand wind)
-Waxy small pointed leaves (rain)
Lots of sunlight available
Factors of the Canopy?
-20 to 40m tall
-Large leaves (sunlight)
Some sunlight available
Factors of the Undercanopy?
-12m tall
-Large leaves (sun)
Little sunlight
Factors of the Shrub layer?
-Thin layer of fallen leaves and seeds
-Decompose rapidly (moist + humid) by both bacteria and fungus
Rainforest description.
-Humid (wet and hot)
-Windy high up (only by emergent trees)
-Dark on ground (sunlight blocked by taller trees)
What does endemic mean?
Native, speecific to one region
What does the nutrient cycle involve?
-Biomass (plants and animals)
-Litter (decaying leaves)
-Soil
how much nutrients is stored in each place
What is the savanah like compared to the rainforest?
-Similar temperatures
-Less humid/ it is dryer
-North and south of the rainforest
How do rainforest provide water for locals?
-Humid atmoshpere means lots of evaporation
-This cuases more arain forming a cycle
One uk small scale ecosystem?
-Sand dunes
What are the 4 parts of a sand dune?
-Embryo and fore dunes
-Yellow dunes
-Grey dunes
-Heath/woodland
Embryo and fore dune factors?
pH, humus, salt, plants
-7.5pH
-Some nutrient humus from dead seaweed
-Saline
- Sparse plants e.g lyme grass:
-have waxy leaves (retain moisture)
-Deep roots (obtain moisture)
-High salt tolerance
-Low to avoid wind
mobile dune
Yellow dune factors?
pH, humus, salt, plants
-6.5
-High tide does not sumberge it, little humus
- More plants e.g Marram grass
-Salt tolerant
-Rolled leaves retains water
-horizontal roots to remain rooted (wind)
sand blown away and replenished
mobile dune
Grey dunes
pH, shelter, humus, salt, plants
-5-6 pH
-Sheltered by seeward dunes
-High humus content (many plants)
-Not saline/barely
-Diverse plants e.g surface lichen
-No marram grass (unable to compete here)
fixed dune
What is behind a grey dune?
pH, salt, plants
-Dune slack (dip)
-4.5 pH
-Holds fresh Water
-Reeds, Rushes
Heath/woodland characteristics?
pH, humus, salt, plants
-4 pH
-Barely andy sand
-Barely any maritime influence
-Sheltered/stable
-Nutrient rich humus
x2
How do humans effect sand dunes social?
-Trample
-Tourism
-Birdwatching
- Cuases blow outs
-Marram grass trampled/killed
-Sand blown away
-leaving circular hole
