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GCSE- Geography > Unit 5- Ecosystems > Flashcards

Unit 5- Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are biomes?

A

Large scale ecosystems

Abiotic factors living and interacting with eachother

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2
Q

x5

What are the biomes called?

A

-Deciduous forest
-Tundra/Taiga
-Tropical
-Desert
-Savanah

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3
Q

Tropical rainforest?

Where, Rainfall, temperature

A

Where:
-Amazon 3°S, 62°W
Rainfall:
-2,000mm TO 10,000mm
Temperature:
sep->24°C
Jan->26°C

Low pressure systems near the equator

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4
Q

Desert?

arid

Where, Rainfall, temperature

A

Where:
-Sahara 25°N, 14°E
Rainfall:
-25mm TO 200mm
Temperature:
Aug->28°C
Jan->14°C

High pressure systems near the Equator

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5
Q

Temperate (deciduous) woodland?

Where, Rainfall, temperature

A

Where:
-40°N, 80°W
Rainfall:
-750mm TO 1500mm
Temperature:
July->25°C
Jan->6°C

Low pressure Northern areas

Uk

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6
Q

Tundra

Where, Rainfall, temperature

A

Where:
-60°S, 140°W
Rainfall:
-150mm TO 250mm
Temperature:
sep->24°C
Jan->26°C

Very Noth and Very south

e.g North Russia

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7
Q

What are the 4 sections of a rainforest?

A

-Emergents
-Canopy
-Undercanopy
-Shrub layer

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8
Q

Factors of the Emergents?

height, no., roots, leaves

A

-50 to 60m tall
-1 to 2 emergent trees per acre
-Wide roots (withstand wind)
-Waxy small pointed leaves (rain)

Lots of sunlight available

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9
Q

Factors of the Canopy?

A

-20 to 40m tall
-Large leaves (sunlight)

Some sunlight available

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10
Q

Factors of the Undercanopy?

A

-12m tall
-Large leaves (sun)

Little sunlight

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11
Q

Factors of the Shrub layer?

A

-Thin layer of fallen leaves and seeds
-Decompose rapidly (moist + humid) by both bacteria and fungus

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12
Q

Rainforest description.

A

-Humid (wet and hot)
-Windy high up (only by emergent trees)
-Dark on ground (sunlight blocked by taller trees)

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13
Q

What does endemic mean?

A

Native, speecific to one region

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14
Q

What does the nutrient cycle involve?

A

-Biomass (plants and animals)
-Litter (decaying leaves)
-Soil

how much nutrients is stored in each place

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15
Q

What is the savanah like compared to the rainforest?

A

-Similar temperatures
-Less humid/ it is dryer
-North and south of the rainforest

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16
Q

How do rainforest provide water for locals?

A

-Humid atmoshpere means lots of evaporation
-This cuases more arain forming a cycle

17
Q

One uk small scale ecosystem?

A

-Sand dunes

18
Q

What are the 4 parts of a sand dune?

A

-Embryo and fore dunes
-Yellow dunes
-Grey dunes
-Heath/woodland

19
Q

Embryo and fore dune factors?

pH, humus, salt, plants

A

-7.5pH
-Some nutrient humus from dead seaweed
-Saline
- Sparse plants e.g lyme grass:
-have waxy leaves (retain moisture)
-Deep roots (obtain moisture)
-High salt tolerance
-Low to avoid wind

mobile dune

20
Q

Yellow dune factors?

pH, humus, salt, plants

A

-6.5
-High tide does not sumberge it, little humus
- More plants e.g Marram grass
-Salt tolerant
-Rolled leaves retains water
-horizontal roots to remain rooted (wind)

sand blown away and replenished

mobile dune

21
Q

Grey dunes

pH, shelter, humus, salt, plants

A

-5-6 pH
-Sheltered by seeward dunes
-High humus content (many plants)
-Not saline/barely
-Diverse plants e.g surface lichen
-No marram grass (unable to compete here)

fixed dune

22
Q

What is behind a grey dune?

pH, salt, plants

A

-Dune slack (dip)
-4.5 pH
-Holds fresh Water
-Reeds, Rushes

23
Q

Heath/woodland characteristics?

pH, humus, salt, plants

A

-4 pH
-Barely andy sand
-Barely any maritime influence
-Sheltered/stable
-Nutrient rich humus

24
Q

x2

How do humans effect sand dunes social?

A

-Trample
-Tourism
-Birdwatching
- Cuases blow outs
-Marram grass trampled/killed
-Sand blown away
-leaving circular hole

25
Q

x3

How do humans effect sand dunes Environmental?

A

-Afforestation
-Rabits introduced (eat marram grass)
-Coastal management (gyrones) starve sediment

26
Q

x5

How do humans effect sand dunes Economical?

A

-Dunes used for cattle grazing
-Cow dung messes with natural nutirents cycle
-Fertilisers contaminate dunes
-Sand removed for building (dredging)
-Sand dunes into hotels and holiday areas

27
Q

Desert compared to the Rainforest?

A

-Dryer
-Minimal plants
-In high pressure areas (Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
-Nutrients more in soild (rainforest in biomass)

GCSE- Geography (20 decks)

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