Unit 4- Coastline Management

Question 1

x4

Hard coastal management?

Answer 1

1) Gabions
2) Rip rap
3) Groynes
4) Sea wall

Question 2

x3

Soft coastal management?

Answer 2

1) Managed retreat
2) Dune regeneration
3) Beach nourishment

Question 3

Gabions

Description, Positives, Negatives

Answer 3

Description:
Cages filled with rock
Positives:
-Absorb wave energy
-Rocks stay put
-cheap
Negatives:
Cages rust
Expensive to repair/ short lifespan

Question 4

Rip rap

Description, Positives, Negatives

Answer 4

Description:
Boulders placed on shore
Positives:
-Absorb wave energy
-cheap
-Sightly
Negatives:
-Boulders can be moved by waves
-Dangerouse to visitors
-Short lifespan/need replacing

Question 5

Groynes

Answer 5

Description:
-structure built out to sea (from beach) to trap sediment movement
Positives:
-Reduce sediment movement in area
- Cheap
Negatives:
- Can starve areas of sediment (terminal groyne sydnrome

Question 6

Sea wall

Answer 6

Description:
Curved wall reflects wave energy
Positives:
-Flood barrier
-VERY GOOD AT reflecting wave energy/ minimising erosion
Negatives:
-Expensive
-Unsightly

Question 7

Managed retreat

do nothing

Answer 7

Description:
- Leave area to naturally become marsh
- remove existing management
Positives:
-Natural
-Cheap (long run)
-Effective
-Cow farming (grazing)
Negatives:
- May force some out of homes
- choosing areas to allow flood/erosion creates conflict
- Relocation expensive

Question 8

Dune regeneration

Answer 8

Description:
-Planting marram grass to trap sand forming natural dunes
- Dunes provide a barrier
Positives:
-Flood barrier
-Absorb wave energy
-Cheap to establish
Negatives:
-Small area
-No tourists during marram growth
-Plant maintenance can be expensive

Question 9

Beach nourishment

Answer 9

Description:
Sediment from under sea moved to beach
Positives:
-Widens beach/ natural barrier/ buffer
-Sightly
-Encourage tourism (wider beaches)
Negatives:
-Kill under sea orgamism
- Expensive
- No beach use when under construction

Question 10

What is hold the line?

Answer 10

-Using hard and soft engineering stratergies to prevent flooding/ erosion
- Keep land where it is

Question 11

What is managed retreat?

Answer 11

Allwing natural processes and moving inhabitants into more mainland areas

Question 12

What is advancing the line?

Answer 12

-Building stratergies out to se
-To break/slow wave energy

Question 13

Where has managed retread been succesful?

Answer 13

-Medmerry
-South east england (sussex)

Question 14

How much was Medmerry spending on ‘Hold the line” management

before managed retreat

Answer 14

-£300,000

Question 15

How far did manage retreat draw coastline inland?

Answer 15

2km

Question 16

How much did manage retreat cost?

Answer 16

£28 million

Question 17

How many properties did managed retreat save in Medmerry?

how much were they all worth

Answer 17

About 350
£120 million

Question 18

Positives of managed retreat in Medmerry?

Answer 18

• New habitats (farmers graze)
• Tourism (natural beauty)

Question 19

Where is hold the line management used?

Answer 19

Holderness coast
(East English coast)

Question 20

How is hold the line benefitting the holderness coast?

Answer 20

• Birdlington protected by a 4.7km sea wall
• Hornsea protected by sea wall, rip rap and rock armour
• Mappleton protected by groynes

Question 21

How has hold the line negitively impacted the holderness coast

Answer 21

-Terminal groyne syndrome at Great Cowden due to Mappleton groynes