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Medical Terminology > Unit 5: Cardiovascular&Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Unit 5: Cardiovascular&Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cells that engulf and ingest cellular debri

A

phagocytes

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2
Q

localized dilation of a blood vessel wall that introduces the risk of a rupture

A

aneurysm

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3
Q

relaxation phase of the heart

A

diastole

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4
Q

soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow

A

bruit

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5
Q

the superior vena cava receives blood from the

A

head and arms

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6
Q

the interventricular septum separates the left ventricle from the

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

where is the tricuspid valve located

A

between right atrium and right ventricle

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8
Q

cardiac arrhythmia is also

A

fibrillation

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9
Q

fibrous sac that surrounds and encloses the entire heart

A

pericardium

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10
Q

chamber of the heart that first receives deoxygenated blood via two large veins

A

right atrium

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11
Q

heart failure

A

fatal condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to tissues and organs

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12
Q

ischemia

A

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part

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13
Q

mass of undissolved matter lodged in a blood vessel

A

embolus

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14
Q

blood vessel that obstructs a vessel

A

thrombus

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15
Q

inferior to the mitral valve is the

A

left ventricle

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16
Q

largest blood vessel of the body

A

aorta

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17
Q

main trunk of the systemic circuit

A

aorta

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18
Q

agglutin/0

A

clumping, gluing

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19
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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20
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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21
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland

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22
Q

immun/o

A

immunity

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23
Q

blood vessel that carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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24
Q

agglutination

A

cells clumping/sticking together

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25
Q

the SA node is located in the

A

right atrium

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26
Q

how many flaps are present in the bicuspid valve

A

2

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27
Q

cervical lymph nodes are located in the

A

neck

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28
Q

phleborrhaphy

A

suturing a vein

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29
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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30
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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31
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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32
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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33
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland

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34
Q

AED

A

automatic external difibrillator

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35
Q

AICD

A

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

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36
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

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37
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

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38
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

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39
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular; atriovenous

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40
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

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41
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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42
Q

CA

A

cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest

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43
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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44
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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45
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization; chief complaint

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46
Q

CHB

A

Complete heart block

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47
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

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48
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

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49
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle

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50
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

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51
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

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52
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

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53
Q

HF

A

heart failure

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54
Q

IAS

A

interatrial septum

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55
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

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56
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena cava

57
Q

IVS

A

interventricular septum

58
Q

LA

A

left atrium

59
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

60
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

61
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

62
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve placement

63
Q

RA

A

right atrium

64
Q

RBC

A

red blood cells

65
Q

RV

A

Right ventricle

66
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

67
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

68
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

69
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

70
Q

US

A

ultrasound, ultrasonography

71
Q

ELT

A

endovenous laser ablation; endoluminal laser ablation

72
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

73
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

74
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

75
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

76
Q

EBV

A

Epstein Barr virus

77
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

78
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

79
Q

KS

A

kaposi sarcoma

80
Q

PCP

A

pneumocytosis pneumonia; primary care physician; phencyclidine

81
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, due to weakness in the vessel wall

82
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain in the chest caused by ischemia; angina

83
Q

arrhythmia

A

Loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; dysrhythmia

84
Q

fibrillation

A

Random contraction of heart fibers

85
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening of arterial walls, loss of elasticity

86
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis, accumulation of fatty substances within arterial walls

87
Q

bruit

A

soft billowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow

88
Q

coronary artery disease

A

abnormal condition that affects the hearts arteries and produced pathological effects; reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to myocardium

89
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body

90
Q

embolus

A

blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble, travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

91
Q

heart block

A

interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle

92
Q

first degree

A

AV block, atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted into ventricles

93
Q

second degree

A

AV block, occasional electrical impulses from SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles

94
Q

third degree

A

AV block, electrical impulses from atria fail to reach the ventricles; aka complete heart block

95
Q

heart failure

A

heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirements of body tissues; aka congestive heart failure

96
Q

hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure, higher than 119/79, causing damage to the blood vessels and the heart

97
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an uninterruption of blood flow

98
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium, backflow of blood

99
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation, defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

100
Q

myocardial infarction

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle, occlusion of one or more coronary arteries

101
Q

patents ductus arteriosus

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between between pulmonary artery and the aorta

102
Q

Raynaud phenonemon

A

numbness in fingers or toes due to constriction of arterioles in the skin

103
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most common in children and young adults

104
Q

stroke

A

damage to part of the brain, caused by bleeding within the brain or blockage of an artery

105
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

106
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

temp interference in the blood supply to the brain that causes no permanent brain damage

107
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin, usually occur in legs

108
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

A

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with HIV, susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

109
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant disease, painless progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of Reed Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

110
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

malignancy of connective tissue

111
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually result of infection

112
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by the Epstein Barr virus, sore throat, fatigue, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes

113
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except Hodgkin disease; lymphosarcoma

114
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery

115
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

116
Q

echocardiography

A

use of ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great vessels and diagnose diovascular lesions

117
Q

electrocardiography

A

creation and study of graphic records produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle

118
Q

Holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorder while patient does daily activites

119
Q

stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions, while measuring amnt of oxygen consumption

120
Q

nuclear

A

ECG that utilizes a radioscope to evaluate coronary blood flow

121
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures protien released into the blood by damaged heart muscle

122
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging technique that records high frequency sound waves to produce an image

123
Q

bone marrow aspiration biopsy

A

removal of living bone marrow tissue, usually taken from the sternum or iliac crest

124
Q

ELISA

A

blood test used to screen for an antibody to the AIDS virus

125
Q

lymphangiography

A

exam of lymph glands and lymph vessels after an injection to contrast medium

126
Q

tissue typing

A

determines the histocompatibility of tissues used in grafts and transplants with the recipients tissues and cells; histocompatibility testing

127
Q

angioplasty

A

any endovascular procedure the reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores blood vessels

128
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

surgeon removes peripheral veins and then sutures each end of the vein onto the coronary artery to route blood flow around a blockage in a coronary artery

129
Q

cardioversion

A

brief discharges of electricity that pass across the chest to stop cardiac arrhythmia; defibrillation

130
Q

defibrillator

A

administers a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal sinus rhythm

131
Q

automatic implantanle cardioverter defibrillator

A

surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects fatal arrhythmias, also called; implantable cardioverter defibrillator

132
Q

automatic external defibrillator

A

portable, computerized, defibrillator that analyzes patients heart rhythm and delivers electrical shock to stimulate heart in cardiac arrest

133
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

134
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery

135
Q

sclerotherapy

A

injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, closes the vein

136
Q

valvuloplasty

A

plastic surgery on a valve

137
Q

lymphangiectomy

A

removal of a lymph vessel

138
Q

statins

A

drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing levels of low density lipoproteins and triglycerides

139
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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