UNIT 5 - BLOOD PART 1

Question 1

BLOOD NORMAL PH?

Answer 1

7.35-.45

Question 2

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD? 4

Answer 2

1. Internal medium= blood interstitial fluid
2. transport= gases, nutrients, waste
3. protection = immunity and HEMOSTASIS= stops bleeding
4. regulatory= temp, ph

Question 3

bicarbonate helps what?

Answer 3

buffer ph of blood

Question 4

how does blood help regulate water content of cells?

Answer 4

by interactions with dissolved ions and proteins (osmolarity).

Question 5

what are the units for:

1. RBC
2. PLATELETS
3. WBC

Answer 5

RBC = Millions,
PLATLETS= hundred thousand,
WBC= Thousand

Question 6

WHAT DOES BLOOD PLASMA CONTAIN?

Answer 6

1. proteins = albumin 54% etc
2. water 90%
3. other =waste

Question 7

WHAT DOES FORMED ELEMENTS CONTAIN?

Answer 7

1. thrombocytes
2. erythrocytes
3. leukocytes

Question 8

what WBC are there and what is the most common?

Answer 8

1. NEUTROPHILS 70%
2. LYMPHOCYTES 20%
3. MONOCYTES
4. EOSINOPHILS
5. BASOPHILS

Question 9

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEUTROPHILS= 3

Answer 9

• 1st to infection site
• responds v quick
• phagocytosis

Question 10

CHARACTERISTICS OF

EOSINOPHILS (4 )

Answer 10

• bilobed nucelus
• allergic reactions
• anti PARASITIC
• HISTAMINASE

Question 11

CHARACTERISTICS OF

BASOPHILS (3)

Answer 11

• ALLERGY
• HISTAMINE/HEPARIN
• PREVENTS THROMBOSIS (CLOT) +INDUCES VASODILATION

Question 12

CHARACTERISTICS OF

MONOCYTE- MACROPHAGE (3)

Answer 12

• Kidney shaped nucleus
• macrophage
• ANTI MICROBE

Question 13

THE 2 TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES =

Answer 13

1. B CELLS = plasma cells = antibodies

2. T CELLS = promote b cells + in mediated immunity

Question 14

WHERE DO B CELLS AND T CELLS MATURE?

Answer 14

B CELL = BONE MARROW

T CELL = THYMUS

Question 15

NK CELLS CHARACTERISTICS? 2

Answer 15

• viral cells + tumour cells

- INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 16

FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS? (3)

Answer 16

1. ONCOTIC PRESSURE
2. COAGULATION + FACTORS
3. BUFFERING = as amphoteric

Question 17

what is HEMATOCRIT=

Answer 17

% of blood volume occupied by RBC’S (erythrocytes)

Question 18

what does EPO DO?

Answer 18

stimulates erythropoiesis ( RBC RODUCTION)

Question 19

where does HEMOPOIESIS happen? (3)

Answer 19

1. yolk sac of embryo
2. liver spleen thymus (2nd trimester)
3. RED BONE MARROW (last 3 months before birth)

Question 20

what is +where most common RED BONE MARROW?

Answer 20

• vascularized CT inbetween trabeculae of spongy bone tissue.
• mainly axial skeleton

Question 21

what does RBM contain

Answer 21

pluripotent cells

Question 22

where does the blood enter + leave in RBM?

Answer 22

1. enters via = nutrient + metaphyseal artery

2. leaves via =nutrient + periosteal veins

Question 23

how is hemopoiesis regulated?

Answer 23

stroma of RBM via specific hormones +cytokines.

Question 24

what are progenitor cells ?

Answer 24

stem cell that can only differentiate number of times, reg by GF

Question 25

HEMOPOIESIS DISORDERS= A. Chronic myeloproliferative disorders

Answer 25

1. Polycythemia vera (too many erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets)
2. Chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 26

HEMOPOIESIS DISORDERS=

B. Medullary aplasia

Answer 26

lack of hematopoietic precursors:

1. Aplastic anemia,
2. Thombocytopenia (too little platelet formation)

Question 27

HEMOPOIESIS DISORDERS how can they be fixed?

Answer 27

by transplanting stem cells.

Question 28

how is the biococave shape of RBC formed?

Answer 28

via its cytoskeleton

high surface-to-volume ratio

Question 29

RBC characteristics=

Answer 29

1-energy through anaerobic glycolysis. NO MITOCHONDIRA

2. No nucleus

Question 30

how does NITRIC ACID IMPROVE O2 FLOW?

Answer 30

binds to haemoglobin = when released = vasodilation

Question 31

what happens during hypoxia?

Answer 31

NEG FBS: EPO stimulates erythropoiesis and needs folic acid + vit b12

Question 32

what does carbonic acid in RBC’S do?

Answer 32

buffers the blood ph by breaking down co2