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ANATOMY 1 > UNIT 4.2 BONE TISSUE > Flashcards

UNIT 4.2 BONE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

what is the build u of bone?

A
  1. resident cell + bone matrix (fibres collagen 1 + groundsubstace)
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2
Q

what is an Osteogenic cell?

A

(undifferentiated cell)

– can divide to replace themselves &osteoblasts

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3
Q

where can you find an ostegogenic cell?

A

-inner layer of periosteum, in endosteum +in channels with blood vessels.

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4
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

CT enveloping bones except surfaces of joints.

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5
Q

what is endosteum?

A

lines inner surface of bony tissue that forms medullary cavity of long bones

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6
Q

what do osetoblasts do?

A

form the matrix which is initial non calcified GS

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7
Q

JOB OF Osteocytes?

A

mature cells =no longer secrete matrix.

- maintain bone tissue metabolism.

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8
Q

where are osteocytes located?

A

lacunae

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9
Q

what are osteoclasts?

A

multinucleated cells from fused monocytes(macrophages)

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10
Q

job of osteoclast?

A

secrete lysosomal enzymes +acids to digest+reabsorb bone matrix.

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11
Q

what is the bone matrix made of?

A
  1. inorganic salts: hardness
    - hydroxyapitate
    - calciumcarbonate
    - minerals
  2. collagen fibres =tensile strength +flex
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12
Q

what do osteoblasts need to start calcification of bone matrix?

A

only occurs in the presence of collagen fibres

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13
Q

what are 2 types of bone tissue?

A
  1. compact =osteons

2. spongy = trabeculae

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14
Q

in compact bone tissue, what do the osteons have? 2

A

1-bvs, lymthpatic, nerve+osteocytes

2-along lines of stress

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15
Q

which BT can you see with naked eye?

A

spongy

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16
Q

what does spongy tissue contain? 3

A
  • trabeculae
  • red bone marrow
  • cavities
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17
Q

what does the spongy bone make up? 4

A
  1. structure of short,
  2. flat
  3. irregular bones
  4. epiphyses (end part) of long bones.
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18
Q

function of bone tissue= 4

A
  1. tendons attach muscle to bone

2.Mineral homeostasis:
(calcium & phosphate).

3) Hematopoiesis: in red bone marrow of spongy tissue
4) Energy storage: yellow bone marrow (adipocytes)

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19
Q

types of bones and example=5

A
  1. longbones=femur,phalages
  2. flat=skull+scapula
  3. short=taral+carpal
  4. sesamoid=patella
  5. irregular=ribs, clavicle, vert
20
Q

what type of BT is found in short and irregular bones?

A 
inside= spongy
outside= compact
21
Q

what type of BT is found in flat bones?

A

2x compact tissue separated by spongy

22
Q

what type of BT is found in long bones? (2)

A

1) epiphyseal= spongy bone + superficial compact

2) diaphysis=compact + medullary cavity

23
Q

what are parts of long bone?

A
  1. diaphysis
  2. medullary cavity
  3. epiphysis
  4. metaphysis
  5. articular cartilage
24
Q

what is the diaphysis of the long bone?

A

shaft of bone (medullary cavity)

25
Q

what is medullary cavity of long bone?

A

yellow bone marrow / red +adipose tissue

26
Q

what is the epiphysis of long bone?

A

one end of a long bone

27
Q

what is the Metaphysis of the long bone?

A

area between epiphysis+diaphysis and includes epiphyseal plate in growing bones.

28
Q

what does the endosteum of the long bone (diaphysis) do?

A
  1. lines medullary cavity (has red/yellow bone marrow) = hematopietic
  2. -volkamans +haverns canal
    3 -osteogenic (osteogenic cells)
29
Q

what does the periosteum do?

and what are the 2 types?

A
  • lines bone
    1. fibrous = external =DICT
    2. osteogenic internal =bvs+OC
30
Q

function of the periosteum? 3

A

1 -bone growth+ fracture repair

  1. -Anchors periosteum to bone via perforating bundles of collagen fibres/ Sharpey’s fibres)

3-bone irrigation via volkmans canal

31
Q

characteristics of compact bone= 2

A
  1. resists stress by weight

2. osteon surrounded by calcified matrix+ haverns canal

32
Q

how do finger like projections of octyocytes in lacunae communicate?

A

via canaliculi

33
Q

how do volkans canal provide irrigation and vascularisation ?

A

penetrates compact bone thru PERIOSTEUM via periosteal arties/viens

34
Q

what does interstitial lamellae represent?

A

older osteons that have been partially removed during tissue remodelling.

35
Q

what is circumferential lamellae?

A
  • develop during initial bone formation.
  • outer + inner
  • outer= connect to periosteum via sharpey’s firbres
36
Q

how is nutrients passed onto diaphysis, spongy and RBM?

A

nutrient arties/viens via n utrient foramen

37
Q

how is blood passed to RBM and metaphysis+epiphysis of bone?

A

via metaphyseal + epiphyseal arties/veins

38
Q

what are stages of bone formation? 4

A
  • 1st Differentiation of osteoprotenitor- Osteoblast cells
  • 2nd Formation of matrix (osteoblasts)
  • 3rd Mineralization of matrix (hydroxyapatite)
  • 4th Appearance of lacunae (osteocytes)
39
Q

what is Intramembranous ossification?

A

formation of bone directly from mesenchyme

40
Q

what is Endochondral ossification?

A

formation of bone from hyaline cartilage models

41
Q

how does the growth in the length of bone happen?

A
  1. Growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.
  2. Replacement of cartilage with bone in the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.
42
Q

what are the different zones for growth of the epiphyseal plate? 4

A

1•Zone of resting cartilage
–anchors growth plate to bone
2•Zone of proliferating cartilage

3•Zone of hypertrophic cartilage

4•Zone of calcified cartilage
-most cells die

osteoblasts & capillaries move in to create bone over calcified cartilage

43
Q

vitamin C for?

A

for collagen formation

44
Q

vitamin D for?

A

for calcium absorption

45
Q

During childhood: insulin-like growth factor, hGH does what?

A

(growth), promotes cell division at epiphyseal plate

46
Q

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH=WIDTH - steps:

A
  1. Periosteal cells>osteoblasts =matrix.
  2. Osteoblasts >osteocytes. Formation of ridges.
  3. Ridges fuse and periosteum becomes the endosteum.
  4. osteoblasts= make New concentric lamellae in endosteum
  5. Osteoblasts under periosteum form new circumferential lamellae, forming an osteon.

ANATOMY 1 (11 decks)

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