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ANATOMY 1 > UNIT 1- INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

UNIT 1- INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

what does dorsal cavity contain?

A

UPPERSIDE

  1. cranial cavity = skull + brain
  2. spinal cavity = vertebral column + spinal cord
  3. meninges = lines spinal cord + brain
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2
Q

what are BODY CAVATIES?

A

Spaces inside our body that protect, separate+ maintain internal organs

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3
Q

what does thoracic cavity contain?

A
  1. abdominopelvic cavity - surperior + inferior
  2. diaphragm
  3. mediastinum = membranous partition
  4. pleural cavity
  5. pericardial cavity
  6. serous membranes
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4
Q

what do serous membranes do?

A

line several body cavities, + secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement

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5
Q

which are the serous membranes? 3

A
  1. pleura = lines organs
  2. pericardium =lines heart
  3. peritoneum =lines cavity of heart
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6
Q

peritoenium visceral and parietal layer ?

A

visceral -adheres to organ

paretal -adheres to walls of cavity

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7
Q

what is Retroperitoneal ?

A

organs behind the peritoneum

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8
Q

how many regions and quadrants does the abdominopelvic cavity have?

A

9 regions 4 quadrants

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9
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  1. hypochondriac R
  2. epigastric
  3. hypochondriac L
  4. UMBILICAL
  5. iliac R
  6. iliac L
  7. hypergastric
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10
Q

what defines a living organism?

-virus, bacterium, protist, fungus , plant or animal

A
  1. can differentiate
  2. metabolism (anabolism + catabolism)
  3. . can move
  4. can grow
  5. homeostasis
  6. reproduce
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11
Q

what is a cell

A

smallest structure and functional unit of a living organism + can replicate independently (itself)

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12
Q

what is a tissue?

A

group of similarly specialised cells. With substance surrounding them sharing the same embryological layer+ perform special functions e.g connective tissue, nervous + epithelial

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13
Q

molecular bio?

A

atoms and mols

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14
Q

histology?

A

tissues

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15
Q

ecology?

A

population, ecosystems, biosphere

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16
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?

A

organs=pituitary gland,thyroid, pancreas—

Function =metabolism+ structural changes

17
Q

what are the basic vital processes?

A
  1. growth
  2. differentiation
  3. reproduction
  4. metabolism
  5. responsiveness (stimuli)
  6. movement
18
Q

what is HOMEOSTASIS?

A

condition of the equilibrium of internal environment due to the bodies regulatory process

19
Q

what are properties of homeostasis ?

A
  1. regulation>endocrine (hormones) + nervous system (electric impulses)
  2. Tonic ( slow )level of activity = agent may have moderate activity that can vary slightly
  3. antagonic control
20
Q

homeostatic fluids = 5 ?

A
  1. intracellular fluid
  2. extracellular fluid
  3. interstitial fluid (tissue fluid ) between cells
  4. plasma
  5. transcellular fluid
21
Q

what is transcellular fluid?

A

portion of total body water contained within epithelial lined spaces

22
Q

which molecules are intracecullarly higher? 2

A
  • potassium as too big to pass bilayer

- Ca (2nd msgr substance whose release within a cell is promoted by a hormone )

23
Q

which molecules are extracecullarly higher

A

Na + cl

24
Q

how does fluid move via osmosis?

A

higher water potential to lower through semipermeable membrane

25
Q

what is isotonic?
hypotonic
hypetonic
isosmotic?

A
  • isotonic= same osmotic pressure
  • hypotonic= lower
  • hyper=higher
26
Q

-what is isosmotic?

A

equilibrium of osmosis p = 300mOsml/L

27
Q

which responses regulate homeostasis ?

and how ?

A

systematic response, reflex response, local response=via feedback system from cns

28
Q
  1. what is an Organ?

2. what are Systems?

A
  1. two or more different tissues that have specific functions
  2. related organs with a common function
29
Q

what is Afferent pathway + Efferent pathway=

A
  1. afferent= ( AWAY FROM BODY) connects sensory receptor>CNS
  2. efferent pathway = connects motor neuron to effector
30
Q

what is positive and negative feedback?

A
  1. positive feedback = enhances stimulus e.g adrenaline

2. neg feedback = revereses e.g high blod pressure

31
Q

what is anticipation?

A

] body prepares

32
Q

what are the characteristics of nervous reflex?

A

electrical+chemical,fast, short effect, limited target

33
Q

what are the characteristics of endocrine reflex?

A

hormones ( chemical), slow, lasts long through blood, wide target

ANATOMY 1 (11 decks)

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