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ANATOMY 1 > unit 2 epithelial tissue > Flashcards

unit 2 epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 different types of tissues?

A
  1. epithelial -covers body surface
  2. nervous - action potentials
  3. connective - binds organs together
  4. muscular - movement + heat
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2
Q

what are the 3 embryological origins?

A
  1. endoderm -innermost layer, gi tract + respiratory
  2. mesoderm - middle layer,
  3. ectoderm - (outermost layer): epithelial + nervous {eye, ear, nose, anterior tongue, palate sides of mouth}
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3
Q

characteristics of epithelial tissue (6)

A

Characteristics:

1) tight cellular cohesion
2) vascularised
3) innervation
4) polarization
5) can cell divide
6) Moist surface due to presence of mucus

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4
Q

what are the 3 surfaces of epithelial tissue + their specialised structures?

A

SURFACES:
1) apical: free surface- specialised structures: intestinal brush border, microvilli, ciliated columnar epithelium of respiratory
tract
2) Basement membrane: Basal lamina (secreted from epithelial cells contains laminin & collagen + Reticular Lamina (secreted
by connective tissue cells, contains collagen)
3) Lateral surfaces-tight junctions

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5
Q

GENERAL functions of the epithelial tissue? (4)

A

FUNCTIONS: GENERAL

  1. Protection: covering + lining epithelium
  2. Absorption: small intestines
  3. Diffusion- endothelium, lung alveoli epithelium
  4. Secretion- glandular epithelium (mucus enzymes, sweat)
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6
Q

SPECIFIC functions of the epithelial tissue (6)

A

SPECIFIC:

  1. Sensory reception: taste bud epithelium
  2. Transport: respiratory, fallopian tubes epithelium
  3. Contractile: sweat, mammary, salivary glands
  4. Excretion: renal epithelium, sweat glands
  5. Lubrication of surfaces: serous glands
  6. Reduction of visceral friction: serous membrane or mesothelium (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)
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7
Q

2 TYPES OF EPITHELIUM -LINING AND GLANDULAR, EXPLAIN LINING EPI?

A

Lining Epithelium: outer layer of skin, lining blood vessels + ducts lining respiratory,
covers walls of organs of ventral cavity

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8
Q

What are the 3 different shapes of lining epithelium?

A

Shapes:
• Squamous (fast transfer of substances)
• Cuboidal (transport, secretion)
• Columnar (protection)

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9
Q

What are the 3 different classifications of lining epithelium?
What are the 3 different layers of lining epithelium?

A

Classification- non ciliated: microvilli, calciform cells (secret mucus)
Ciliated- (microscopic hairs)
Layers: simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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10
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM? (3)

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM:

  1. Very thin, controls diffusion, osmosis+ filtration.
  2. Lining of body cavities+ blood vessels + endothelium of heart
  3. Cell nuclei centrally located
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11
Q

SIMPLE CUBODIAL EPITHELIUM? (5)

A

SIMPLE CUBODIAL EPITHELIUM
1-Nuceli round + central
2-Lines hollow tubes of digestive + renal system
3-adapted for absorption secretion
4-Modified with microvilli
5-Non modified collecting duct, ovary, thyroid follicles)

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12
Q

NON- CILIATED SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (3)

A

➢ NON- CILIATED SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

  1. Single layer rectangular cells
  2. Unicellular glands secret mucus + lubricate
  3. Microvilli adapted for absorption by increased SA
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13
Q

CILIATED SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM? (4)

A

CILIATED SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
1-single layer of rectangular cells with cilia
2-unicellular glands (goblet cells) secrete mucus
3-cells w/ cilia (hair like projections)
4-provides motility + helps move mucus, fluids or particle along a surface

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14
Q

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM (4)

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
1-several layers as nuceli are at various levels
2-all cells attached basement membrane but some don’t reach apical surface
3– in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, cells reach surface either secrete mucus (goblet cells) or have cilia that sweep away mucus + trapped foreign particles
4-pseudostratified non ciliated columnar epithelium does not contain goblet cells

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15
Q

STRATIFIED LINING EPITHELIUM (3)

A

STRATIFIED LINING EPITHELIA
1-stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized or non: top layer is flat)
2-stratified cuboidal epithelium: rare = Top layer is cuboidal
3-transitional epithelium= several layers of different shapes

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16
Q

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (6)

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
1-several cell layers thick
2-surface cells: flat
3-Keratinized= surface cells dead + filled with keratin
4-non- keratinized= no keratin in mist living cells at surface
5-Deeper layers of cells vary cuboidal to columnar
6-Basal cells replicate by mitosis

17
Q

STRATIFIED CUBODIAL EPITHELIUM (7)

A 
STRATIFIED CUBODIAL EPITHELIUM
1-multi-layered
2-protective
3-surface cells cuboidal
4-rare
5-sweat gland ducts
6-mammary glands
7-salivary glands
18
Q

STRATFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (6)

A 
STRATFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
 1-Multi layered
 2-columnar surface cells
 3-Rare
 4-Ducts of submandibular glands
 5-Eye, pharynx
 6-Part of male urethra
19
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (3)

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
1-multi-layered- surface cells varying in shape
2-round to flat
3-lines hollow organs that expand from within (urinary bladder, male urethra)

20
Q

2 TYPES OF EPITHELIUM -LINING AND GLANDULAR, EXPLAIN

GLANDULAR EPI?

A

Glandular epithelium – surrounds glands, (thyroid, adrenal+ sweat)

21
Q

definition of a gland + origin?

A

→Gland: a single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion
- Origin= cell proliferation + invagination of epithelial cells during embryogenesis

22
Q

types of glands explain:(4)

1. ENDOCRINE GLAND

A

Endocrine glands= ductless- secrete hormones that enter the interstitial fluid + diffuse directly into bloodstream

23
Q

types of glands explain: (4)

2. EXOCRINE GLAND

A
  • Exocrine glands = secrete products into ducts that empty at surface of covering& lining epithelium or directly onto free surface
24
Q

types of glands explain: (4)

3. MIXED GLAND

A

Mixed glands contain endocrine + exocrine tissue: pancreas, ovaries, testes

25
Q

types of glands explain: (4)

4. PARACRINE GLAND

A

Paracrine glands (cell>cell signalling, induces changes in nearby cells) = secrete to extracellular medium + secretion diffuses to adjacent cells

26
Q

GOBLET CELLS UNICELLULAR TYPES: (5)

A 
1➢ Simple tubular> digestive system
2➢ Simple branched tubular>Stomach 
3➢ Simple coiled tubular> sweat gland
4➢ Simple acinar> urethra
5➢ Simple branched acinar> sebaceous (relating to fat or oil)
27
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON SECRETION (4)

EXPLAIN- 1. SEROUS

A
  1. SEROUS= aq secretion wi enzymes= parotid gland (salivary gland), lacrimal gland, sweat gland
28
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON SECRETION (4)

EXPLAIN- 2. MUCOUS

A

2-MUCOUS= viscous secretions w/ glycoproteins –bowman glands –cowper glands - tracheal glands

29
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON SECRETION (4)

EXPLAIN- 3.MIXED

A

3-MIXED= -seromucous: submandibular glands –mucous serous: sublingual glands

30
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON SECRETION (4)

EXPLAIN- 4. SEBACEOUS

A

4-SEBACEOUS: secretion of sebum (oil/wax)

-lubricate skin +hair (except palms + soles)

31
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON FUNCTION (3)

EXPLAIN- 1. MEROCRINE

A

➢ MEROCRINE GLANDS {saliva, digestive enzymes}– form secretory products + secrete by exocytosis

32
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON FUNCTION (3)

EXPLAIN- 2. APOCRINE

A

➢ APOCRINE GLANDS {milk fat in mammary gland}– accumulate secretory products at apical surface of cell, that portion
releases + remaining part repairs itself e.g mammary gland

33
Q

TYPES OF GLANDS BASED UPON FUNCTION (3)

EXPLAIN- 3. HOLOCRINE

A

➢ HOLOCRINE GLANDS {oil gland} –accumulate secretory product in cytosol, cell dies + products secreted + cell replaced
by new one

ANATOMY 1 (11 decks)

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