Unit 5 - ASD and ID Flashcards
Define autism
A developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterised by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour
What 3 domains is the DSM-V concerned with regarding ASD?
- Social-emotional reciprocity
- Nonverbal communicative behaviour
- Developing, maintaining and understanding of relationships
List at least 3 areas of atypical function in relation to ASD from a strictly medical perspective
- Social deficits
- Communication
- Restricted interests + routines
- Sensory sensitivities
- Understanding and comprehension
Define social-emotional reciprocity in relation to ASD
We often understand how socialising is a back-and-forth and how that can impact our emotions. Those with ASD may struggle to engage with this and such impacts.
Define nonverbal communicative behaviour in relation to ASD
ASD may lead to problems with interpreting these behaviours and gestures and also not engage with them personally
Define developing, maintaining and understanding of relationships
in relation to ASD
Due to deficits in S-E reciprocity and nonverbal communication, this may lead to listed issues with interpersonal relationships
Finish the sentence:
“ASD severity can be determined by…”
ASD severity can be determined by…
…restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, activities
Outside of intensity of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, activities, what other factors can help determine severity of ASD
- Age of symptom presentation
- Not explained by intellectual disabilities
- Extent of impairment in social, occupational functioning
Differences between ASD diagnosis in ICD and DSM?
The ICD-11 provides detailed guidelines for distinguishing between autism with and without intellectual disability. The DSM-5, by contrast, simply acknowledges that autism and intellectual disability can co-occur
In ICD-10, the ‘spectrum’ is divided into three subtypes. DSM-5 has relinquished subtypes such as Asperger in favour of a single continuous spectrum, reflecting the variability of symptoms and how they are expressed.
What is the neuroscientific approach to research on ASD?
Examines ways in which brain structures are different, causing differences and may lead to ASD
What is the neurophysiological approach to research on ASD?
Not as concerned with brain structures itself but the mechanisms and interactions between the structures
What is the genetic approach to research on ASD?
Ways in which our genetics can influence and lead to symptoms of ASD - to what extent does our biological make up cause it?
How can the amygdala differ for those with ASD?
Smaller, linked to anxiety issues
How can the cerebellum differ for those with ASD?
Decreased brain tissues in cerebellum, linked to issues in cognition and social interaction
How can the cortex differ for those with ASD?
Different patterns of thickness
