Unit 5 Flashcards
0
Q
Who named the era?
A
Mark twain
1
Q
Years of the gilded age
A
1865 - 1900
2
Q
What does it imply?
A
That the us looked shiny but there was something less attractive underneath.
3
Q
Party in power during the majority of the gilded age
A
Repub
4
Q
Two wings of repubs / leaders
A
Half breeds (Blaine, Maine) & Stalwarts (Conkling, NY)
5
Q
Election 1860
A
Winner: Lincoln , repubs
Opponent: Douglas, demos
6
Q
Election 1864
A
Winner: Lincoln repub (replaced by Johnson, demo 1865)
Opponent: McClellan demo
7
Q
Election 1868
A
Winner: Grant repub
Opponent: Seymour demo
8
Q
Election 1872
A
Winner: Grant repub
Opponent: Greeley demo
9
Q
Election 1876
A
Winner: Hayes (bc of the compromise) repub
Opponent: Tilden demo (initially had more popular votes
10
Q
Election 1880
A
Winner: Garfield repub, replaced by Arthur. Repub, 1881
11
Q
Election 1884
A
Winner: Cleveland demo
Opponent: Blaine repub half breed
12
Q
Election 1888
A
Winner: Harrison repub
Opponent: Cleveland demo
13
Q
Election 1892
A
Winner: Cleveland demo
Opponent: Harrison repub
14
Q
Election 1896
A
Winner: McKinley repub
Opponent: Bryan demo
15
Q
Election 1900
A
Winner: McKinley repub (VP Roosevelt)
Opponent: Bryan demo
16
Q
1868 sources of support: GAR who?
A
Grand Army of the republic - a fraternal organization of Union veterans formed in 1866
17
Q
What does “waving the bloody shirt” mean?
A
Blaming the south
18
Q
New group that made a difference in several states (election 1868)?
A
Freedmen
19
Q
3 major scandals (I’ll just put what I have in the packet, there are many answers)
A
Credit mobilier, whiskey ring, Fisk and Gould
20
Q
City gov’ts run by what?
A
Political machines
21
Q
NYC Boss ______ of __________ Hall, and his political party
A
Tweed, Tammany (spell it right Sar), Democrat
22
Q
Person who convicted boss tweed?
A
Tilden
23
Q
What region of the us was most likely to give women early suffrage?
A
West
24
What us territory gave women the right to vote in 1869?
Wyoming
25
When did the constitution give women the right to vote?
1920
26
1872 - why did grant win again?
The GAR gave support and waved the bloody shirt
27
1876 - who got more pop votes?
Tilden
28
What was the compromise of 1877
Tilden gave the election to Hayes, in exchange for a promise to remove federal troops from the south.
29
What is a dark horse candidate?
An unexpected candidate
30
1880 - the VP of the winning candidate was a ____________
Stalwart
31
1880 - why did Guiteau think he was a hero for assassinating Garfield?
Because he was a stalwart, and now there is a stalwart in office - it was the will of God to have a stalwart in office
32
1881 - to whom was the new president indebted to (as he said)
The almighty
33
1881 - what law did the pres sign?
Pendleton Civil Service Act - classified 10% of jobs as Civil service
34
1884 - eventual winner was hounded by people shouting:
"Ma ma where's my pa?"
35
1884 - the eventual loser was implicated in what?
The Mulligan Letters
36
1884 - a minister claimed "rum, Romanism, rebellion" what did "rum" mean?
Repubs tended to support the temperance movement, demos did not
37
1884 - a minister claimed "rum, Romanism, rebellion" what did "Romanism" mean?
The Catholic Church - there were ideas that the pope was going to usurp civil liberties
38
1884 - a minister claimed "rum, Romanism, rebellion" what did "rebellion" mean?
Looking back at the civil war / bloodshed from the democratic south.
39
What was the group called who defected from the repubs and voted for the demos?
Mugwumps
40
1888 - winner's nickname
Young tippecanoe
41
1892 - problems during the presidency
The panic of 1893 (worst ever), and Coxey's army marches from Ohio to DC to protest farm conditions, the 1894 Pullman strike
42
Who headed the 1894 Pullman strike, where the American Railway Union sympathy shut down most of the Railroads, and what was he convicted of?
Debs, prevention of the delivery of US mail
43
1892 - which third party emerged, and from where did their support originate?
The populists ( the people's party ), from the northern and southern farmers' alliance
44
What were three planks of the people's party platform?
Wanted to nationalize the RRs / communication, wanted a new fed subtreasury to give loans to farmers, wanted unlimited coinage of silver
45
1896 - the demos were split, who was their final nominee and what was his famous speech?
Bryan, Cross of Gold
46
1896 - the winner was known as what? And was funded by whom?
The high priest of tariffs, 'Dollar' Mark Hanna
47
Who wanted inflation?
Farmers/people with debt
48
Who wanted deflation?
People who make loans
49
What does the gov't do with money to cause inflation?
Inject more money - if people have more money then they will lay more for goods
50
What are two ways the gov't could increase the money supply?
Spending, lending
51
What were greenbacks?
Paper money issued by the confed.
52
What was the crime of 73, and who named it?
The gov't's decision to not mint anymore silver dollars, and opponents of hard money
53
What was the Bland - Allison act, 1878
The US gov't would buy $2-4 million in silver every month and mint coins with it.
54
What was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?
Govt would buy $4.5 million of silver per month (changed in 1900 with the Gold Standard Act)
55
6 key industries and a major person
1) transportation, Stanford 2) steel, Carnegie 3) oil, Rockefeller 4) banking, Morgan 5) coal 6) agricultural equipment
56
Define vertical integration, who founded it?
Combining / Owning all the steps of the manufacturing / distribution process into one company, Carnegie
57
Define horizontal integration
Allying and buying out competitors ( eventually --> monopolies)
58
Define trust and name two major trusts
Combining all the competitors onto a board of directors, standard oil abs US steel
59
What key question does political economics answer?
"What should the role of the gov't be in economics"
60
Farmers were faced with which two monopolies?
RR freight rates, Storage rates
61
Munn vs. Illinois 1877
The court ruled that states may regulate the RR industry since the industry is "affected with a local interest" -- a victory for farmers
62
Wabash v. Illinois 1886
The court ruled that states may not regulate the RR industry because the industry engages in interstate commerce
63
What is the 1887 Interstate commerce act?
Outlawed pools and rebates, created the ICC
64
What is a pool?
An agreement to share RRs to share area and profit
65
Does the ICC exist today?
No
66
What act was passed in 1890, and what did it say?
Sherman Anti-Trust Act, it made any trust in restraint of trade illegal
67
What was the first trust broken up?
Standard Oil, by Rockefeller
68
What was Darwin's basic finding?
Natural selection / evolution
69
How did Darwin's findings explain the wealthy v. the poor?
Natural selections weeds out people without potential, and 'the chosen' become rich.
70
Name one famous social Darwinist of the gilded age?
Herbert Spencer
71
The gospel of wealth was associated with what industrialist, and what was the idea?
Carnegie, the wealthy had to prove morally responsible
72
Define philanthropy
The donation of money to support groups/charities
73
What did Josephson mean calling the industrialists 'barons'
He meant that the major industrialists were extremely politically and economically potent so they were almost of 'noble' status
74
Which two labor unions formed after the civil war but died out in the Panic of 1873?
National Labor Union and Black National Labor Union
75
Another major labor organization formed by Powderly, and why did it fail?
Knights of Labor, Pullman strike in Haymarket Square, Chicago
76
Gompers formed what, and does it still exist today?
The AFL, and no
77
What did labor unions want?
Higher wages, and better conditions
78
Between 1870 and 1900, the US population increased by what factor?
2
79
From 1870 to 1900, the urban population increased by a factor of what?
3
80
In what census was the population 50/50?
1920
81
Immigration first wave was when, and from where?
1830s - 1840s from the north and west (Britain, Germany)
82
When and from where was the second wave of immigration?
1900s - 1920ish, south and east (Italy, Spain, Hungary, Poland)
83
Who created the first hull house and where?
Jane Addams and Chicago
84
The hull house was the first what?
Settlement house
85
What was the social gospel movement?
Religious leaders helping with social issues
86
What is a political machine?
A group of fixers who will help you in exchange for a vote
87
Define nativism
Fear of foreigners
88
The APA is an acronym for what, and who were they most prejudiced against?
American Protective Association, Catholics
89
The Chinese exclusion act of 1882 said what?
Prevented the Chinese laborers from immigrating
90
List for city problems
Sanitation/rats, violence/tension, plumbing, slums
91
3 types of transportation
Trolleys, horse and buggy, railroad
92
Define suburb
Outer area of the city
93
Define tenement
Cheap apartment housing
94
Who wrote progress and poverty?
Henry George
95
Who wrote looking backwards?
Edward Bellamy
96
Who wrote call of the wild?
Jack London
97
Name two western tribes who the US fought
Cheyenne, Sioux
98
What did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 say?
Dissolve the tribes as legal entities and give 160 acres to individual families.
99
What intended effect did the Dawes Act have on Indians?
Give them individual and mostly permanent land, Americanize them
100
What actual effect did the Dawes act have on Indians?
Ruined their tribal culture
101
What were segregation laws passed by the southern states called?
Jim Crow laws
102
What specific language said that separation was not racist?
Separate but equal
103
What was the decision of please v. Ferguson, and what decade did it happen?
1890s, the laws were constitutional on the grounds that they did not imply and racism towards blacks, and were merely going with state policy.
104
Justice Harlan made an argument that was adopted by the Supreme Court in what case in 1954?
Brown v. board of education
105
How did states bypass the 15th amendment (voting) for blacks?
Literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clauses
106
When, where did the women's suffrage movement begin?
Seneca Falls NY, 1848
107
What were two other issues that concerned women?
Job ops, household status
108
Name two women's rights leaders during the gilded age.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Carriem Chapman
109
Francis Willard founded what Union?
Women's Christian Temperance Union
110
Why was drinking seem as a women's issue?
Because they have persuasive powers over their husbands
111
Who was famous for writing rags to riches novels?
Horatio Alger
112
Who was known for his thesis about the importance of frontier in US history, and what was the importance?
Frederick Jackson Turner, the existence of land led to innovation and opportunity --> the American dream
