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APUSH > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

Who named the era?

A

Mark twain

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1
Q

Years of the gilded age

A

1865 - 1900

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2
Q

What does it imply?

A

That the us looked shiny but there was something less attractive underneath.

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3
Q

Party in power during the majority of the gilded age

A

Repub

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4
Q

Two wings of repubs / leaders

A

Half breeds (Blaine, Maine) & Stalwarts (Conkling, NY)

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5
Q

Election 1860

A

Winner: Lincoln , repubs
Opponent: Douglas, demos

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6
Q

Election 1864

A

Winner: Lincoln repub (replaced by Johnson, demo 1865)
Opponent: McClellan demo

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7
Q

Election 1868

A

Winner: Grant repub
Opponent: Seymour demo

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8
Q

Election 1872

A

Winner: Grant repub
Opponent: Greeley demo

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9
Q

Election 1876

A

Winner: Hayes (bc of the compromise) repub
Opponent: Tilden demo (initially had more popular votes

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10
Q

Election 1880

A

Winner: Garfield repub, replaced by Arthur. Repub, 1881

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11
Q

Election 1884

A

Winner: Cleveland demo
Opponent: Blaine repub half breed

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12
Q

Election 1888

A

Winner: Harrison repub
Opponent: Cleveland demo

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13
Q

Election 1892

A

Winner: Cleveland demo
Opponent: Harrison repub

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14
Q

Election 1896

A

Winner: McKinley repub
Opponent: Bryan demo

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15
Q

Election 1900

A

Winner: McKinley repub (VP Roosevelt)
Opponent: Bryan demo

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16
Q

1868 sources of support: GAR who?

A

Grand Army of the republic - a fraternal organization of Union veterans formed in 1866

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17
Q

What does “waving the bloody shirt” mean?

A

Blaming the south

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18
Q

New group that made a difference in several states (election 1868)?

A

Freedmen

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19
Q

3 major scandals (I’ll just put what I have in the packet, there are many answers)

A

Credit mobilier, whiskey ring, Fisk and Gould

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20
Q

City gov’ts run by what?

A

Political machines

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21
Q

NYC Boss ______ of __________ Hall, and his political party

A

Tweed, Tammany (spell it right Sar), Democrat

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22
Q

Person who convicted boss tweed?

A

Tilden

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23
Q

What region of the us was most likely to give women early suffrage?

A

West

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24
Q

What us territory gave women the right to vote in 1869?

A

Wyoming

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25
Q

When did the constitution give women the right to vote?

A

1920

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26
Q

1872 - why did grant win again?

A

The GAR gave support and waved the bloody shirt

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27
Q

1876 - who got more pop votes?

A

Tilden

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28
Q

What was the compromise of 1877

A

Tilden gave the election to Hayes, in exchange for a promise to remove federal troops from the south.

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29
Q

What is a dark horse candidate?

A

An unexpected candidate

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30
Q

1880 - the VP of the winning candidate was a ____________

A

Stalwart

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31
Q

1880 - why did Guiteau think he was a hero for assassinating Garfield?

A

Because he was a stalwart, and now there is a stalwart in office - it was the will of God to have a stalwart in office

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32
Q

1881 - to whom was the new president indebted to (as he said)

A

The almighty

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33
Q

1881 - what law did the pres sign?

A

Pendleton Civil Service Act - classified 10% of jobs as Civil service

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34
Q

1884 - eventual winner was hounded by people shouting:

A

“Ma ma where’s my pa?”

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35
Q

1884 - the eventual loser was implicated in what?

A

The Mulligan Letters

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36
Q

1884 - a minister claimed “rum, Romanism, rebellion” what did “rum” mean?

A

Repubs tended to support the temperance movement, demos did not

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37
Q

1884 - a minister claimed “rum, Romanism, rebellion” what did “Romanism” mean?

A

The Catholic Church - there were ideas that the pope was going to usurp civil liberties

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38
Q

1884 - a minister claimed “rum, Romanism, rebellion” what did “rebellion” mean?

A

Looking back at the civil war / bloodshed from the democratic south.

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39
Q

What was the group called who defected from the repubs and voted for the demos?

A

Mugwumps

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40
Q

1888 - winner’s nickname

A

Young tippecanoe

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41
Q

1892 - problems during the presidency

A

The panic of 1893 (worst ever), and Coxey’s army marches from Ohio to DC to protest farm conditions, the 1894 Pullman strike

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42
Q

Who headed the 1894 Pullman strike, where the American Railway Union sympathy shut down most of the Railroads, and what was he convicted of?

A

Debs, prevention of the delivery of US mail

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43
Q

1892 - which third party emerged, and from where did their support originate?

A

The populists ( the people’s party ), from the northern and southern farmers’ alliance

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44
Q

What were three planks of the people’s party platform?

A

Wanted to nationalize the RRs / communication, wanted a new fed subtreasury to give loans to farmers, wanted unlimited coinage of silver

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45
Q

1896 - the demos were split, who was their final nominee and what was his famous speech?

A

Bryan, Cross of Gold

46
Q

1896 - the winner was known as what? And was funded by whom?

A

The high priest of tariffs, ‘Dollar’ Mark Hanna

47
Q

Who wanted inflation?

A

Farmers/people with debt

48
Q

Who wanted deflation?

A

People who make loans

49
Q

What does the gov’t do with money to cause inflation?

A

Inject more money - if people have more money then they will lay more for goods

50
Q

What are two ways the gov’t could increase the money supply?

A

Spending, lending

51
Q

What were greenbacks?

A

Paper money issued by the confed.

52
Q

What was the crime of 73, and who named it?

A

The gov’t’s decision to not mint anymore silver dollars, and opponents of hard money

53
Q

What was the Bland - Allison act, 1878

A

The US gov’t would buy $2-4 million in silver every month and mint coins with it.

54
Q

What was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?

A

Govt would buy $4.5 million of silver per month (changed in 1900 with the Gold Standard Act)

55
Q

6 key industries and a major person

A

1) transportation, Stanford 2) steel, Carnegie 3) oil, Rockefeller 4) banking, Morgan 5) coal 6) agricultural equipment

56
Q

Define vertical integration, who founded it?

A

Combining / Owning all the steps of the manufacturing / distribution process into one company, Carnegie

57
Q

Define horizontal integration

A

Allying and buying out competitors ( eventually –> monopolies)

58
Q

Define trust and name two major trusts

A

Combining all the competitors onto a board of directors, standard oil abs US steel

59
Q

What key question does political economics answer?

A

“What should the role of the gov’t be in economics”

60
Q

Farmers were faced with which two monopolies?

A

RR freight rates, Storage rates

61
Q

Munn vs. Illinois 1877

A

The court ruled that states may regulate the RR industry since the industry is “affected with a local interest” – a victory for farmers

62
Q

Wabash v. Illinois 1886

A

The court ruled that states may not regulate the RR industry because the industry engages in interstate commerce

63
Q

What is the 1887 Interstate commerce act?

A

Outlawed pools and rebates, created the ICC

64
Q

What is a pool?

A

An agreement to share RRs to share area and profit

65
Q

Does the ICC exist today?

A

No

66
Q

What act was passed in 1890, and what did it say?

A

Sherman Anti-Trust Act, it made any trust in restraint of trade illegal

67
Q

What was the first trust broken up?

A

Standard Oil, by Rockefeller

68
Q

What was Darwin’s basic finding?

A

Natural selection / evolution

69
Q

How did Darwin’s findings explain the wealthy v. the poor?

A

Natural selections weeds out people without potential, and ‘the chosen’ become rich.

70
Q

Name one famous social Darwinist of the gilded age?

A

Herbert Spencer

71
Q

The gospel of wealth was associated with what industrialist, and what was the idea?

A

Carnegie, the wealthy had to prove morally responsible

72
Q

Define philanthropy

A

The donation of money to support groups/charities

73
Q

What did Josephson mean calling the industrialists ‘barons’

A

He meant that the major industrialists were extremely politically and economically potent so they were almost of ‘noble’ status

74
Q

Which two labor unions formed after the civil war but died out in the Panic of 1873?

A

National Labor Union and Black National Labor Union

75
Q

Another major labor organization formed by Powderly, and why did it fail?

A

Knights of Labor, Pullman strike in Haymarket Square, Chicago

76
Q

Gompers formed what, and does it still exist today?

A

The AFL, and no

77
Q

What did labor unions want?

A

Higher wages, and better conditions

78
Q

Between 1870 and 1900, the US population increased by what factor?

A

2

79
Q

From 1870 to 1900, the urban population increased by a factor of what?

A

3

80
Q

In what census was the population 50/50?

A

1920

81
Q

Immigration first wave was when, and from where?

A

1830s - 1840s from the north and west (Britain, Germany)

82
Q

When and from where was the second wave of immigration?

A

1900s - 1920ish, south and east (Italy, Spain, Hungary, Poland)

83
Q

Who created the first hull house and where?

A

Jane Addams and Chicago

84
Q

The hull house was the first what?

A

Settlement house

85
Q

What was the social gospel movement?

A

Religious leaders helping with social issues

86
Q

What is a political machine?

A

A group of fixers who will help you in exchange for a vote

87
Q

Define nativism

A

Fear of foreigners

88
Q

The APA is an acronym for what, and who were they most prejudiced against?

A

American Protective Association, Catholics

89
Q

The Chinese exclusion act of 1882 said what?

A

Prevented the Chinese laborers from immigrating

90
Q

List for city problems

A

Sanitation/rats, violence/tension, plumbing, slums

91
Q

3 types of transportation

A

Trolleys, horse and buggy, railroad

92
Q

Define suburb

A

Outer area of the city

93
Q

Define tenement

A

Cheap apartment housing

94
Q

Who wrote progress and poverty?

A

Henry George

95
Q

Who wrote looking backwards?

A

Edward Bellamy

96
Q

Who wrote call of the wild?

A

Jack London

97
Q

Name two western tribes who the US fought

A

Cheyenne, Sioux

98
Q

What did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 say?

A

Dissolve the tribes as legal entities and give 160 acres to individual families.

99
Q

What intended effect did the Dawes Act have on Indians?

A

Give them individual and mostly permanent land, Americanize them

100
Q

What actual effect did the Dawes act have on Indians?

A

Ruined their tribal culture

101
Q

What were segregation laws passed by the southern states called?

A

Jim Crow laws

102
Q

What specific language said that separation was not racist?

A

Separate but equal

103
Q

What was the decision of please v. Ferguson, and what decade did it happen?

A

1890s, the laws were constitutional on the grounds that they did not imply and racism towards blacks, and were merely going with state policy.

104
Q

Justice Harlan made an argument that was adopted by the Supreme Court in what case in 1954?

A

Brown v. board of education

105
Q

How did states bypass the 15th amendment (voting) for blacks?

A

Literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clauses

106
Q

When, where did the women’s suffrage movement begin?

A

Seneca Falls NY, 1848

107
Q

What were two other issues that concerned women?

A

Job ops, household status

108
Q

Name two women’s rights leaders during the gilded age.

A

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Carriem Chapman

109
Q

Francis Willard founded what Union?

A

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

110
Q

Why was drinking seem as a women’s issue?

A

Because they have persuasive powers over their husbands

111
Q

Who was famous for writing rags to riches novels?

A

Horatio Alger

112
Q

Who was known for his thesis about the importance of frontier in US history, and what was the importance?

A

Frederick Jackson Turner, the existence of land led to innovation and opportunity –> the American dream

APUSH (14 decks)

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