Ch 25 Flashcards
1
Q
Jane Addams (1860–1935)
A
- Illinois
- had a college education
- 1889 acquired the decaying Hull mansion in Chicago
- she established Hull House (see below)
- urban American saint in the eyes of many admirers
- courageously condemned war + poverty
- won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
- Daughters of the American Revolution
- Hated her antiwar views
- expelled her from membership in their organization
- Hated her antiwar views
2
Q
Florence Kelley
A
- 1893 lead mov’t to get an Illinois anti-sweatshop law passed
- that protected women workers and prohibited child labor
- “guerrilla warrior in the urban jungle”
- socialist- battled for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers
- moved to the Henry Street Settlement in New York from the Hull House
- served for 30yrs as general secretary of the National Consumers League
3
Q
Mary Baker Eddy
A
- 1879 founded Christian Science
- after she had suffered much ill health- Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness
- Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (1875)
- her book that set forth her views
- sold 400,000 copies before her death
- Many Americans converted
- hope of relief from discords and diseases
- had hundreds of thousands of devoted worshipers (by 1910)
4
Q
Charles Darwin
A
- English Naturalist
- On the Origin of Species (1859)
- a highly controversial volume by Darwin
- Evolution
- theory that humans had slowly evolved from lower forms of life
- “the survival of the fittest.’’
- cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible
- Evolution
- a highly controversial volume by Darwin
- On the Origin of Species (1859)
5
Q
Booker T Washington
A
- 1881- Called to head the ‘black normal and industrial school’
- Tuskegee, Alabama
- began w/ 40 students
- taught black students useful trades so that they could gain self-respect and economic security- “accommodationist”
- self-help approach to solving the nation’s racial problems
- it stopped short of directly challenging white supremacy
- Washington avoided the issue of social equality
- felt economic independence would be key to black political + civil rights
- “accommodationist”
6
Q
W.E.B. Du Bois
A
- said Booker T. Washington =“Uncle Tom’’
- condemning their race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority- Ph.D. from Harvard
- skilled historian, sociologist, and poet
- 1910- helped to found the NAACP
- demanded complete equality for blacks, social as well as economic
- demanded that the “talented tenth’’ of Af A’s be given full + immediate access to the mainstream of American life.
- Ph.D. from Harvard
7
Q
William James (1842–1910)
A
- served for 35yrs on the Harvard faculty
- wrote many influential books
- Principles of Psychology (1890)
- established the mdrn discipline of behavioral psychology
- The Will to Believe (1897)
- Varieties of Religious Experience (1902)
- explored religion
- Pragmatism (1907)
- most famous work
- described pragmatism
- The concept of pragmatism held that truth was to be tested by action rather than theories.
- Principles of Psychology (1890)
- wrote many influential books
8
Q
Henry George
A
- Progress and Poverty 1879
- tried to solve “the great enigma of our times’’
- “the association of progress with poverty’’
- sold 3 mil copies- felt the pressure of growing population on a fixed supply of land unjustifiably pushed up property values + showered unearned profits on owners of land
- 100% tax on those windfall profits would eliminate unfair inequalities
- tax ideas = horrifying to the propertied classes
- manuscript was rejected by publishers
- tax ideas = horrifying to the propertied classes
- 100% tax on those windfall profits would eliminate unfair inequalities
- felt the pressure of growing population on a fixed supply of land unjustifiably pushed up property values + showered unearned profits on owners of land
9
Q
Horatio Alger
A
- 1866- became a writer
- wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction
- sold over 100 million copies
- books said that virtue, honesty, and industry are rewarded by success
- “survival of the purest” and “there is always room at the top”
- esp. nonsmokers, nondrinkers, non-swearers, and non-liars.
- “survival of the purest” and “there is always room at the top”
- wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction
10
Q
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
A
- 1898 Women and Economics
- a classic of feminist literature
- called on women to abandon their dependent status
- get involved w/ economy- advocated centralized nurseries + cooperative kitchens to facilitate women’s participation in the work force
11
Q
Carrie Chapman Catt
A
- stressed the imp. of giving women the vote if they continue their traditional roles as homemakers + mothers
- women had special responsibility for the health of the family and the education of children
- need a voice on boards of public health, police commissions, and school boards
12
Q
Megalopolis
A
- city whose growth was stimulated by new methods of travel
- carved into different districts for business, industry, and residential neighborhoods
- which were segregated by race, ethnicity + social class
- carved into different districts for business, industry, and residential neighborhoods
13
Q
Ethnicity
A
- social group that has a common national or cultural tradition
- another factor in separating ppl
14
Q
Settlement House
A
- a neighborhood center in impoverished areas that tended to serve immigrants
- ex. Hull House (Chicago) + Henry Street Settlement (NY)
15
Q
Nativism
A
- Anti-foreignism- belief that immigrants are inferior
- prominent in 1840s 1850s +1880s
