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APUSH > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Center of Pop. (1840)?

A

Passed the appalachian mtns

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2
Q

Center of Pop. (1860)?

A

Passed the Ohio River

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3
Q

Pop. of US 1790?

A

3.9 million

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4
Q

Pop. of US 1860?

A

31.4 Million

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5
Q

number of cities w/ more than 20,000 people (1860)`?

A

43

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6
Q

Urban Probs

A
  1. Bad sanitation 2. Bad street lighting 3. No policing 4. Impure water 5. sewage and rats 6. bad garbage disposal
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7
Q

decade of first water and sewage systems?

A

1820s

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8
Q

Event leading to irish immigration?d

A

potato famine

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9
Q

main US cities of irish immigration?

A

NYC and Philly

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10
Q

“biddies”?

A
  1. from name Bridget 2. female irish immigrants 3. mainly domestic servants
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11
Q

“paddies”?

A
  1. from name Patrick 2. Male irish immigrants 3. mainly canal diggers and RR/road builders
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12
Q

NINA

A

No irish need apply

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13
Q

center and extent of Irish political power (NYC)?

A

Tammany Hall, ‘paddy wagons’ were police carts - irish controlled police force

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14
Q

main religion of irish?

A

catholicism

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15
Q

number of irish (1830-1860)?

A

4 million

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16
Q

why immigration from Germany?

A

A failed democratic revolution –> wanted democracy

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17
Q

how many germans (1830-1860)?

A

5 million; generally more affluent than irish

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18
Q

germans settled where?

A

Mainly the west

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19
Q

german innovations?

A

Kindergarten

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20
Q

major religion of Germans?

A

Christianity: Catholic and Lutheran

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21
Q

“nativism”?

A

Anti-foreigners; mainly towards Irish

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22
Q

“parochial schools”?

A

Catholic schools formed because of the conflict between Catholic and other religions

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23
Q

order of the star spangled banner?

A

1849, AKA the know-nothing party or the American Party, where nativists

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24
Q

largest religious denom (1850)?

A

Catholic

25
Q

Beginnings of the Industrial Rev. (US and UK)?

A

US = 1840s UK = 1750s; started with the steam engine

26
Q

Why US was slow to mechanize?

A
  1. Jefferson’s resistance 2. cheap land -> nobody poor enough to be forced to labor 3. UK imports
27
Q

What spurred the US mechanization?

A
  1. many inventions (e.g. cotton gin, textile mill, sewing machine, interchangeable parts) 2. Embargo/ Non-intercourse/1812 3. influx of immigrants
28
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Brought textile mills to US (1790s)

29
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Cotton Gin and Interchangeable parts (1790s)

30
Q

Effects of Cotton Gin

A

slavery = increased (made profitable); immigration = more in north; factories = more, to process overflow of cotton

31
Q

Importance of interchangeable parts?

A

easier repair, less expensive

32
Q

Inventors of sewing machines?

A

Howe and Singer

33
Q

Telegraph

A

1840s; Samuel Morse

34
Q

number patents in 1850s?

A

28000

35
Q

First investment capital company (US)?`

A

Boston Associates: dominated textile, RR, insurance, and banking in MA. Mill town in Lowell, MA.

36
Q

Incorporation?

A

individuals cannot be sued, started in 1850s in NY, allowed for easier business starling -> more business.

37
Q

Factories in 1800s conditions?

A

long hours, dangerous, unhealthy, small wages.

38
Q

labor unions + strikes?

A

initially, workers were just fired; 1842 MA supreme court said: labor unions = legal if nonviolent

39
Q

Lowell Factory Girls?”

A

girls worked at Boston Associates’ Lowell textile mills, shown off as model factory workers, semi decent conditions.

40
Q

main occupations of working women?

A

nurses, teachers, factories

41
Q

cult of domesticity?

A

belief that women should stay at home, take care of children, etc.
Focus more on the arts

42
Q

fertility rate in 1850s etc?

A

decreased, women were spending more time out of the house; families became more child-centered, with fewer children.

43
Q

international communication 1858?

A

Cyrus Field’s wires from Newfoundland to ireland.

44
Q

Main grain producers?

A

Ohio River Valley

45
Q

Porkopolis?

A

Cincinnati

46
Q

steel plow?

A

John Deere, 1837: now all kinds of soil could be tilled, opened up NW.

47
Q

first major road?

A

Lancaster Turnpike; 1790s from Philly to Lancaster

48
Q

second major road?

A

nat’l road/cumberland road: finished in 1852

49
Q

steamboats?

A

frist by Robert Fulton (“Fulton’s Folly”) in 1807; now it was possible to go upriver; more than 1000 by 1860 on Mississippi R.

50
Q

Erie Canal?

A

From Buffalo NY to the Hudson River and NYC. nicknamed Clinton’s Big Ditch, 1852

51
Q

effects of canals and Steamboats?

A

increased farming in Old NW; lowered price of goods;

52
Q

first RR completed?

A

1828

53
Q

miles of track 1860?

A

32000

54
Q

region with most RR?

A

New England

55
Q

what became standardized in RR?

A

the gauges - distance between RR ties

56
Q

Pony Express

A

lasted on 15 years, started in 1860; died out because of the telegraph

57
Q

Southern Trade 1860?

A

cotton and wheat to NORTH and UK

58
Q

Western Trade 1860?

A

Wheat and Corn to EAST and EUROPE

59
Q

Eastern Trade 1860

A

textiles to SOUTH and WEST

APUSH (14 decks)

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