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Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Individuals will use shared/public resources in their own self interest, degrading them

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2
Q

Externalities

A

negative costs associated with a human actions, that aren’t accounted for in the price

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3
Q

Effects of Clearcutting

Soil Erosion, Increased soil & _____ temp, Flooding and ________

A

stream

Landslides

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4
Q

Tree Plantations

A

Areas where the same species are repeatedly planted, grown, and harvested.

Lowers Biodiversity

All the Same Age

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5
Q

Forest Benefits
1. Filtering of ____________
2. Removal and ____________ from atmosphere
3. Habitat for ___________

A

Air Pollutants

storage of CO2

organisms

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6
Q

Deforestation Consequences

Reduces air _________ and carbon storing services

Cutting trees down releases CO2 from ___________ of leftover organic _________

A

filtering

decomposition

material

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7
Q

Slash and Burn Method of ______ land for agriculture by cutting trees and _________ them releases Co2, _____ and water vapor into the __________ (all ____________)

A

clearing

burning

N2O

atmosphere

Greenhouse gasses

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8
Q

The Green Revolution

Shift in __________ away from small, family operated farms to large, ___________ scale agribusiness

Increased use of _______, GMOS, irrigation, __________, and __________

A

agriculture

industrial

mechanization

fertilizers

pesticides

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9
Q

Monocropping

A

Growing one single species of crop

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10
Q

Tilling

A

Mixing and breaking up soil to make planting easier

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11
Q

Leaching

A

water carries excess nutrients into groundwater or into surface waters (as runoff)

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12
Q

Furrow Irrigation

A

Trench dug along crops and filled with water

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13
Q

Drip Irrigation

A

Most efficient but costly. Holes in hose allows waters to slowly drip out.

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14
Q

Flood Irrigation

A

Flood entire field easier but more disruptive to plants

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15
Q

Spray Irrigation

A

Ground or surface water pumped into spray nozzles

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16
Q

Waterlogging

A

Over Watering can saturate the soil, filling all soil pore space with water

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17
Q

Soil Salinization

A

Salinization is the process of salt building up in a soil over time

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18
Q

Pesticides

A

can cause pests to become resista overuse

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19
Q

CAFOs (feedlots)

A

Densely crowded method where animals are fed grain (corn) to raise them to as quickly as possible

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20
Q

Manure Lagoons

A

Large, open storage pits for animal waste

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21
Q

Free Range Grazing

A

Animals (usually cows) graze on grass and grow at a natural rate without growth hormones.

22
Q

Overgrazing

A

Too many animals grazing an area of land remove all vegetation which bad to topsoil erosion

23
Q

Desertification

If plants are killed by ________ and soil is compacted so much that it cant hold enough ______ anymore

A

overgrazing

water

24
Q

Fisheries

A

populations of fish used for commercial fishing

25
Fishery Collapse
When overfishing causes 90% population decline in a fishery
26
Bottom Trawling
Very harmful fishing method that involves dragging a large net along ocean floor
27
Bycatch
unintended species like dolphins, whales, turtles caught in nets
28
Ore Commercially _____ deposits of concentrated _______ that can be harvested and used as ___ materials
valuable minerals raw
29
Metals Elements that conduct _________, heat, and have structural properties for ________ (found within ores)
electricity building
30
Reserve The known amount of a _____ left that can be mined. Usually measured in years left of _______.
resource extraction
31
Overburden
Soil, vegetation, and rocks that are removed to get to an ore deposit below
32
Tailings and slag
Leftover waste material separated from the valuable metal or mineral within ore
33
Surface Mining
Removal of overburden to access ore near surface
34
Urbanization
Removing of vegetation to convert natural landscape to city (urban)
35
Ecological Footprint
Measure of how much a person/group consumes, expressed in area of land
36
Carbon Footprint
Measured in tonnes of CO2 produced per year
37
Sustainability
Consuming a resource or using a space in a way that does not deplete or degrade it for future generations
38
Maximum sustainable yield
The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without reducing or depleting the resource for future use
39
Env. Indicators of Sustainability
Factors that help us determine the health of the environment and guide us towards sustainable use of earth's resources
40
IPM Basics
Using a variety of pest control methods that minimize env. disruption and pesticide use
41
Biocontrol
Bringing in a natural predator or parasite to control the pest
42
Intercropping Push plants emit volatile _______ that naturally ______ pests away from crop Pull plants emit chemicals that attract ______ to lay eggs in them instead of ______
chemicals repel moths crop
43
Contour Plowing Plowing parallel to natural ______ of land instead of down slopes prevents water ________ and soil erosion
slopes runoff
44
Terracing
Cutting Flat platforms of soil into a steep slope
45
Perennial Crops
Crops that live year round and are harvested numerous times
46
Windbreaks
Using trees or other plants to block the force of wind from eroding topsoil
47
No Till
Leaving leftover crop remains in soil instead of tilling under
48
Strip Cropping (Intercropping) Alternating rows of _______ crops with rows of less dense crops to prevent ______ from eroding soil less dense ____ of crops
dense runoff rows
49
Green Manure Leftover plant matter from a ______ crop - crop planted in the _______ between harvest and ________ of main crop
cover offseason replanting
50
Rotational Grazing Regular ______ of livestock to different pastures to prevent ______
rotation overgrazing
51
Aquaculture
Raising rich or other aquatic species in cages/enclosures underwater

.. (27 decks)

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