4.7-4.9

Question 1

Solar intensity (insolation, W/m²) depends on:

______: how ______ rays strike Earth’s surface.

The amount of ______ Sun’s rays pass through.

______ = higher ______ than ______ latitudes.

Answer 1

Angle

Direct

Atmosphere

Equator

Insolation

Higher

Question 2

Solar Intensity & Season

______ of Earth around the Sun & ______ on its axis changes the ______ of Sun’s rays.

This causes varying ______, varying ______ of day, and ______.

______ of Earth’s axis stays ______ during orbit.

Answer 2

Orbit

Tilt

Angle

Insolation

Length

Seasons

Tilt

Fixed

Question 3

June & December Solstices: ______ or ______ hemisphere is maximally tilted toward the Sun (______/______).

March & Sept. Equinox: ______ & ______ hemisphere equally facing the Sun.v

Answer 3

N (North)
S (South)
Summer
Winter
North
South

Question 4

Tilt of Earth’s Axis causes Variation in:

______ of Insolation (which changes ______)
______ of day
______

Answer 4

Angle
Intensity
Length
Season

Question 5

Albedo the proportion of light that is reflected by a surface

Answer 5

the proportion of light that is reflected by a surface

Question 6

______:
Surfaces with higher ______ reflect more light, and absorb less (____).
Absorb less ______.

Answer 6

Albedo
Albedo
Ice
Snow
Heat

Question 7

Surfaces with low ______ reflect less light, and absorb more (______).
Absorb more ______.

Answer 7

Albedo
Water
Heat

Question 8

______ & Surface Temperature
Surface temperature is affected by ______.

When sunlight is absorbed by a surface, it gives off ______ (heat).

Areas with lower ______, absorb more sunlight (______).

Answer 8

Albedo
Albedo
Infrared radiation
Albedo
Heat

Question 9

______ Heat Island: Urban areas are hotter than surrounding rural areas due to low ______ of ______.

______ regions are colder due to higher ______.

Answer 9

Urban
Albedo
Blacktop
Polar
Albedo

Question 10

______ is largely determined by ______ (latitude → ______ of insolation & atmosphere).

Higher ______ receive less insolation: cooler, less precipitation (especially ______ degrees).

______ receives most intense insolation: higher ______, air rises, high precipitation.

Answer 10

Climate
Insolation
Angle
Latitudes
30
Equator
Temperature

Question 11

______ also plays a role.

______: disrupt wind & produce ______ effect.

______: moderate temperature & add moisture to the ______.

Answer 11

Geography
Mountains
Rain shadow
Oceans
Air

Question 12

Warm, moist air from ______ hits the “______” side of the mountain, rises, cools (condensing ______ vapor & causing ______) → lush, green vegetation.

Answer 12

Ocean
Windward
H2O
Rain

Question 13

______:
Dry air descends down “______” side of mountain, warming as it sinks.

Leads to ______ (dry) ______ conditions.

Answer 13

Rain shadows
Leeward
Arid
Desert

Question 14

______ Ocean Surface Currents
______: large ocean ______ patterns due to global wind.

(______ in N hemisphere, ______ in S hemisphere).

Answer 14

Global
Gyres
Circulation
Clockwise
Counterclockwise

Question 15

______ → ______ trade winds between 0-30 degrees push ______ current ______ → ______.
______ between 30-60 degrees push mid-latitude currents ______ → ______.

Answer 15

E → W
Equator
East → West
Westerlies
West → East

Question 16

______ Zones: areas of ocean where winds blow warm surface water away from a ______, drawing up colder, deeper water to replace it.

Brings ______ & ______ to surface → productive fishing.

Answer 16

Upwelling
Land mass
O2
Nutrients

Question 17

______ Circulation
Connects all of the world’s oceans, mixing ______, ______, and ______ throughout.

Answer 17

Thermohaline
Salt
Nutrients
Temperature

Question 18

Warm water from ______ of Mexico moves toward the ______ Pole.

Cools & evaporates as it moves toward the poles.
______ & colder water at poles is more ______, making it ______.

Answer 18

Gulf
North
Saltier
Dense
Sink

Question 19

Spreads along ______.
Rises back up into shallow, warm ocean current at ______.

Answer 19

Ocean
Upwelling

Question 20

______: pattern of shifting atmospheric pressure & ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean between ______ and ______/______.

Oscillates, or shifts regularly from ______ (warmer, rainier) to ______ (cooler, drier) conditions along the coast of ______.

Answer 20

ENSO
South America
Australia
Southeast Asia
El Niño
La Niña
South America

Question 21

Effects of ______

Suppressed ______ & less productive fishing in ______.
Warmer winter in much of ______ America.
Increased ______ and flooding in ______ (West coast especially).
Drought in ______ Asia & ______.
Decreased ______ activity in the ______ Ocean.
Weakened ______ activity in ______ & Southeast Asia.

Answer 21

El Niño
Upwelling
South America
North
Precipitation
Americas
Southeast
Australia
Hurricane
Atlantic
Monsoon
India

Question 22

______ Effects

Stronger ______ & better fisheries in ______ than normal.

Worse ______ activity in the US and ______ activity in the ______.

Cooler, drier weather in ______.
Rainier, warmer, increased ______ in ______ Asia.

Answer 22

La Niña
Upwelling
South America
Tornado
Hurricane
Atlantic
Americas
Monsoons
Southeast