4.1 Flashcards
Its __________ and consists of mostly ____, solid in the inner core and _______ in the _______ core.
dense, iron, molten, outer
Its the Core
A _____ layer of less dense, ____ rock.
thick, elastic
Mantle
A _______ of _______ mantle, contains ______ rock, _____ in some areas.
portion, upper, soft, melted
Asthenosphere
The _______ rock above the _______, it includes both the __________ mantle and the entirety of Earth’s ______ major layer.
harder, asthenosphere, uppermost, third
Lithosphere
The _____, _____, ________ of rock that covers Earth’s surface.
thin, brittle, low-density
Crust
Divergent Plate Boundary
Plates move away from each other
Divergent Plate Boundary
Rising __________ from mantle forces plates apart
Forms: __________ ridges, ________, ________ spreading, and ____ valleys (on land)
magma plume
Mid-oceanic, volcanoes, seafloor, rift
Convergent Plate Boundary
Plate moves towards each other
Convergent Plate Boundary
Leads to ______ (one ____ being forced beneath another)
Forms: Mountains, ____ arcs, earthquakes, and _______
subduction, plate
island, volcanoes
Transform Fault Plate Boundary
Plates slide past each other in opposite directions.
Forms: Earthquakes
Convection Cycle (Divergent)
_______ heated by earth’s core rises towards ________
________ magma cools & expands, forcing ______ plates apart
Magma, lithosphere
Rising, oceanic
Creates mid -ocean ridges, volcanoes, spreading zones or “seafloor spreading”
Magma ____ and _______ into new lithosphere
Spreading _______ forces oceanic plate into cont. (________ zone)
cools, solidifies
magma, subduction
Sinking oceanic plate ______ back into magma
Also forces _______ up, creating narrow, coastal Mountains (Andes) & _______ on land
melts
magma, volcanoes
Oceanic-Oceanic
one plate subducts underneath other
_______ magma up to lithosphere surface forming _____________ volcanoes
Forces
mid ocean
Island arcs
Off-shore trench
Oceanic-Continental
______ oceanic plate subducts beneath cont. Plate & _____ back into magma
Forces ______ up to lithosphere surface
Dense, melts
magma
Continental-Continental
One plate ______ underneath other, forcing surface crust ______
subducts, upward
__________ occurs mostly when _____ edges of plates get stuck on each other
______ builds as plates keep sliding but ____ stay stuck.
When _______ overcomes the locked fault plates suddenly release ______ past each other and realize ______ that shakes the ________.
Earthquakes, rough
Pressure, edges
stress, slide, energy, lithosphere
Ring of Fire
Pattern of volcanoes all around pacific plate
Transform faults
likely location of earthquakes
Hotspots
Areas of esp. hot magma rising up to lithosphere
