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Grade 10 History > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the artistic movements at the end of World War I and at the beginning of the early 1920s?

A

Dada; Surrealism

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2
Q

What were the painters/writers in the years leading up to WWI, at the end of WWI, and at the beginning of the early 1920s?

A

Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky

Hannah Höch, Tristan Tzara

André Breton, Salvador Dali

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3
Q

What were the key ideas/philosophies in the years leading up to WWI, at the end of WWI, and at the beginning of the early 1920s?

A
  • redefined the relation between art and reality
  • rejected the idea that art should mirror nature
  • less realism
  • reality altered, questioned, or abandoned
  • art should undermine, subvert, and mock modern civilization, including art
  • “super realism”
  • art explored the deeper reality of the unconscious mind
  • influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud
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4
Q
  1. How were the Surrealists influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud?
A

Freud believed that the unconscious part of the mind is filled with powerful instincts and strong urges that shape our actions. Surrealist painters and writers tried to explore what they thought was the deeper reality of the unconscious mind

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5
Q
  1. Define stream of consciousness.
A

a literary technique that attempts to describe the flow of the mind; text that mimics the way the mind jumps from one subject to another, from the past to the present, from reality to imagination and back again

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6
Q
  1. What is the title of James Joyce’s famous stream-of-consciousness novel published in 1922?
A

Ulysses

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7
Q
  1. On the lines below, write words and phrases that describe the music that Stravinsky and Schoenberg composed in the years following World War I.
A

eerie, harsh, fierce, wild, atonal, and 12-tone music

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8
Q
  1. Millions of people around the world died during the flu pandemic of 1918–1919. An estimated 500,000 people died in the United States in 1918, when the total population of the United States was 104,550,000. If the pandemic were to recur today, when the U.S. population is 300,000,000, and the same percentage of the population were to die, how many Americans would die?
A

1,434,720

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9
Q

What was the aftermath of WWI on Europe?

A

Death, destruction, poverty

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10
Q

What was the aftermath of WWI on the US?

A

Avoid physical ruin, economic boom

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11
Q

What are some examples of cultural changes that occured in the US during the Roaring Twenties?

A
  • radio
  • jazz music
  • automobiles
  • movies
  • change in social and moral standards (e.g., Women showed their legs and drove cars.)
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12
Q
  1. What was it about New Orleans that made it possible for jazz to get its start there?
A

Because it was a cultural melting pot

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13
Q
  1. Why did jazz become popular in Chicago, New York, and Saint Louis?
A

Because jazz artists went there

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14
Q

What are two composers influenced by Jazz?

A

Igor Stravinsky
Maurice Ravel
George Gershwin

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14
Q

How did The Great War challenge Christianity?

A
  • Destruction of the Great War brought disillusionment about religion.
  • The Great War made people wonder what good religion did for humanity.
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14
Q

How did science challenge Christianity?

A
  • Scientific findings were in contrast to Christian beliefs.
  • Science offered rational explanations for phenomena once considered miraculous.
  • Darwin’s theory on natural selection undermined the idea of divine creation.
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15
Q

How did philosophy challenge Christianity?

A
  • Marx called religion the “opium of the people.”
  • Nietzsche waged a campaign against religion in general and Christianity in particular.
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15
Q

How did psychology challenge Christianity?

A
  • Freud said religion is something invented by mankind to fill a need.
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15
Q
  1. Nationalists in the Middle East hoped their homelands would become self-governing after World War I, but __________ and ______________ wanted to maintain their influence in the area.
A
  1. Nationalists in the Middle East hoped their homelands would become self-governing after World War I, but Britain and France wanted to maintain their influence in the area.
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15
Q
  1. Many people of the Middle East speak ____________ and are united by a shared religion—________. For centuries the region was ruled by ____________.
A
  1. Many people of the Middle East speak ARABIC and are united by a shared religion—ISLAM. For centuries the region was ruled by OTTOMAN TURKS.
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15
Q
  1. The __________ is the holy book of the Muslims. Muslims believe it is the holy word of God as revealed to __________.
A
  1. The QUR’AN is the holy book of the Muslims. Muslims believe it is the holy word of God as revealed to MUHAMMAD.
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15
Q
  1. The Suez Canal connects the _______________ and __________ seas. Why was it so important to the French and the British?
A
  1. The Suez Canal connects the MEDITERRANEAN and RED seas.
    Because it was a shortcut between Europe and Asia?
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15
Q
  1. How did Britain and other Western nations influence Egypt in the early twentieth century?
A

The capital, Cairo, adopted Western inventions such as electricity, telegraphs, railroads, streetcars, cars, movie theaters, and radios, and constructed many modern public buildings in Western styles. Farmers used modern labor-saving equipment to grow food. The Egyptians adopted a constitution that separated church and state.

15
Q
  1. What was writer Taha Husayn’s approach to Islamism and Western influence in Egypt?
A

He thought Egypt should build on the glory of the ancient past and be grounded in Islam while integrating Western learning and adopting the separation of church and state.

15
Q
  1. What was the Muslim Brotherhood?
A

The Muslim Brotherhood was an organization founded by Hasan al-Banna that denounced Western influence and non-Muslims. The organization rejected the Egyptian constitution and demanded a government run according to Shari’ah, the Islamic legal and moral code.

15
Q
  1. Islamists believed that ____________ teaching and law should guide all aspects of Islamic society.
A
  1. Islamists believed that MUSLIM teaching and law should guide all aspects of Islamic society.
15
Q
  1. ______________ and Islamism were responses to foreign domination in the Middle East.
A
  1. NATIONALISM and Islamism were responses to foreign domination in the Middle East.
15
Q
  1. Members of an Islamic religious movement known as ____________ believed that outside influences had corrupted the Islamic faith. They thought Muslims should model their society on the way people had lived more than _____ years earlier.
A
  1. Members of an Islamic religious movement known as WAHHABISM believed that outside influences had corrupted the Islamic faith. They thought Muslims should model their society on the way people had lived more than _____ years earlier.
15
Q
  1. Why did Wahhabist leader Ibn Saud want Sharif Hussein’s kingdom?
A

He wanted Sharif Hussein’s kingdom because it contained the holy sites of Mecca and Medina.

15
Q
  1. By 1926, the Wahhabist House of Saud controlled the _______________ . A few years later Ibn Saud named all the lands he controlled _______________.
A
  1. By 1926, the Wahhabist House of Saud controlled the ARABIAN PENINSULA. A few years later Ibn Saud named all the lands he controlled SAUDI ARABIA.
15
Q

How did Ataturk change the names, dress, and language of Turkey?

A
  • Turks choose a family name.
  • Turks urged to dress more like Westerners.
  • Alphabet changed from Arabic letters to Latin letters.
15
Q

How did Ataturk change the women of Turkey?

A
  • Women discouraged from wearing veils.
  • Women gain new rights.
  • Old Muslim practice of marriage to more than one woman forbidden.
15
Q

How did Ataturk change the education and religion of Turkey?

A
  • Public education system created.
  • Most traditional Islamic schools are prohibited.
  • Influence of Muslim clergymen limited.
  • Constitution establishes a secular nation with separation of church and state.
15
Q

How did Ataturk change the economy of Turkey?

A
  • Government displays latest farming techniques and equipment.
  • State bank increases loans for agriculture.
  • Railroads built and electric service is expanded.
  • State sets up factories to produce textiles, glass, and steel.
15
Q
  1. Who set up a constitutional monarchy in Iran in 1921 and worked to transform the nation into a modern, westernized nation?
A

Reza Khan

15
Q
  1. The new shah of Iran did many of the same things that Ataturk did in Turkey to modernize Iran. What was the main difference in his approach?
A

The main difference is that Reza Khan set up a constitutional monarchy (instead of a republic) and allowed the Muslim clergymen to keep some power and influence.

15
Q
  1. The main goal of Zionism was to create a ____________________ state in ____________________. Zionists were motivated by ____________________ and a desire to avoid ____________________.
A
  1. The main goal of Zionism was to create a JEWISH state in PALESTINE.
15
Q

Why was tension growing in the Middle East?

A

Growing tensions in the Middle East: Jewish nationalism, Arab nationalism, growing Islamism, age-old prejudices, anger at old imperialist powers, passionate devotion to the Holy Land

15
Q

What was the cause of massive rebuilding needed in France?

A

The most destructive battles had been fought in France

15
Q

What was the result of France borrowing heavily during the war?

A

France had large loans to repay

15
Q

What caused France to not have the money it thought it would have?

A

Germany did not pay to France the war reparations it was supposed to

15
Q

What caused Germany to have soldiers, sailors, and airmen out of jobs; and arms factory workers out of work?

A

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to disarm

15
Q

What was the result of Germany losing Alsace Lorraine part of the German Rhineland, and all the land it lost in Russia?

A

Germany lost potential income and valuable natural resources

15
Q

What caused Germany to have to pay war reparations?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

15
Q

What was the result of Germany’s government printing too much money?

A

Inflation–money was worth less; prices were rising

15
Q
  • American businesses had prospered while producing arms and munitions during the war.
  • After the war, these businesses began to produce _____________________________________.
  • ___________________________ made it possible to farm more productively and manufacture goods faster.
  • Consumers could pay in installments, or “buy now, ________________.”
  • Working people made money by investing in the _______________________________.
A
  • American businesses had prospered while producing arms and munitions during the war.
  • After the war, these businesses began to produce CONSUMER GOODS SUCH AS RADIOS, AUTOMOBILES, AND KITCHEN APPLIANCES.
  • LABOR-SAVING DEVICES made it possible to farm more productively and manufacture goods faster.
  • Consumers could pay in installments, or “buy now, PAY LATER.”
  • Working people made money by investing in the STOCK MARKET.
15
Q

The effects of the stock market crashing:
People could not repay their _____.
People tried to withdraw all their money from _____.
Banks _____.
Businesses _____.
Factories _____.
Millions of workers lost their _____.

A

People could not repay their LOANS.
People tried to withdraw all their money from BANKS.
Banks FAILED.
Businesses WENT BROKE.
Factories CLOSED.
Millions of workers lost their JOBS.

15
Q
  1. Where did the Great Depression spread to and why did it spread there?
A

The Great Depression spread through much of the world and across Europe. It spread because as U.S. factories closed and banks failed, Americans did less and less business overseas.

15
Q
  1. What effect would the Great Depression have had on those trying to promote communism in Europe?
A

. Because many people believed that the Depression was the fault of factory owners and capitalism, it might have been easier for those promoting communism to convince them that communism was a better system.

15
Q
  1. In one sentence, describe how Joseph Stalin rose to power in the Soviet Union just four years after Lenin’s death.
A

He pitted one leader against another and eliminated all of them.

15
Q

How did Mussolini bring order to Italy?

A
  • He threw out the parliamentary system.
  • He established the Fascists as the single party in power.
  • He outlawed all other political parties.
  • He declared trade unions illegal.
  • He suppressed free speech.
  • He had spies, and police intimidated those who opposed him.
  • He used militarism.
15
Q
  1. Which African nation did Italy invade, and why did Mussolini decide to invade it?
A

Ethiopia; Mussolini wanted to revive the glorious days of the Roman Empire

15
Q
  1. How did Hitler attract followers to the Nazi Party when he became its leader?
A

He played upon their sense of frustration with the Weimar Republic.

16
Q
  1. Who did Hitler blame for most of Germany’s problems?
A

The Jews

17
Q
  1. In the ____________________ Civil War that erupted in the 1930s, ____________________ led the Nationalist forces. They were helped by ____________________ and ____________________. On the other side of the conflict were the ____________________, who were helped by the International Brigade and also by ____________________. When the war ended, Franco established a ____________________ and ruled Spain until ____________________.
A
  1. In the SPANISH Civil War that erupted in the 1930s, FRANCISCO FRANCO led the Nationalist forces. They were helped by HITLER and MUSSOLINI. On the other side of the conflict were the REPUBLICANS, who were helped by the International Brigade and also by THE SOVIET UNION (STALIN). When the war ended, Franco established a (FASCIST) DICTATORSHIP and ruled Spain until 1975.
18
Q
  1. Who took control of Japan when the economic woes of the Great Depression reached that island nation?
A

military leaders (Japan’s military)

Grade 10 History (6 decks)

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