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Grade 10 History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why should people study history?

A

It shows us what it means to be human
It improves judgment
It provides instructive examples
It makes us better thinkers
It supports common cultural understanding and dialogue
It satisfies a need for identity, for both individuals and nations
It gives us pleasure

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2
Q

What is democracy?

A

Be nice to other people, and be free, and also equality

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3
Q

Where did democracy originate?

A

Greece, in Athens, by Cleisthenes, who designed the first democratic constitution

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4
Q

What idea did Greeks get about the Polis-Citizen relationship?

A

The polis should serve the citizens, and the citizens should take part in its government

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5
Q

How was Athenian Democracy limited?

A

It was granted only to citizens, which excluded women, slaves, and foreigners

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6
Q

What did Greeks think mortal rulers shouldn’t rule as a god?

A

Because they thought a life under them would be no better than slavery

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7
Q

What did Plato think of democracy?

A

Bad; because people could not be trusted to rule themselves; instead, the states should be ruled by philosopher kings

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8
Q

What are the three forms of government according to Aristotle, and their corrupted forms? Which is best?

A

Monarchy -> Tyrant
Aristocracy -> Oligarchy
Democracy -> Mob rule/Anarchy
Each is good, as long as they are uncorrupted

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9
Q

How did Rome start out, and what changed?

A

Ruled by kings; patricians were unhappy and kicked the king out, and replaced the government with a republic

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10
Q

How did the Roman republic start, change, and end?

A

Only patricians could vote; then plebeians got to vote as well; then plebeians complained again for laws, and got the Twelve Tables, which applied equally to all

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11
Q

How did the Roman Republic work?

A

Was ruled by two Consuls; legislative were spread between different government bodies, first just patricians in the powerful Senate, then plebeians too

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12
Q

Who was Abraham?

A

Lived along the Eiuphrates Rive in SUmer around 2000, then moved to Mesopotamia and started Judaism

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13
Q

What is ethical monotheism?

A

Monotheism with a god that cares how its people treated each other

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14
Q

What are the 10 Commandments?

A

A code of law given to Moses about how Hebrews should behave:
You shall have no other gods before me.
You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything.
You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God.
Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.
Honor your father and your mother.
You shall not murder.
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not steal.
You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor.

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15
Q

What is the significance of the 10 Commandements?

A

It shows that all are equal before the law

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16
Q

What did Jesus teach?

A

That you should love everyone, even your enemies, because God loves ALL

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17
Q

The church of Christianity grew too powerful

A
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18
Q

What did humanist people think?

A

They were heightened by classics, celebrated humankind (for whateva reason), and saw earth as an effort to create (not a struggle to endure)

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19
Q

How did the printing press help democracy?

A

It helped spread info, which is neded for democracy

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20
Q

What happened during the reformation?

A

Martin Luther called out the church for its corruption, and split Christianity into Catholic and Protestant branches; also helped diffuse attitudes that could prevent democracy

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21
Q

What were the 3 major milestones of democracy in Medieval England?

A

William and the Great Council: Great Council advised the king and was precursor to will of people
King Henry II: Sent judges to apply the law equally, and used juries
The Magna Carta: Stated that nobles and church leaders had certain rights that the king had to respect, and that could not be taken away

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22
Q

How did the Magna Carta lead to the formation of Parliament?

A

It made it hard for kings to ignore the Great Council; kings allowed lesser people to send representatives to the council; by the late 1200s, it was known as Parliament, and by the 1600s it had two bodies, the House of Commons and House of Lords

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23
Q

Describe the idea of “divine right.”

A

I am ruling because God willed me to, so I can do whatever I wanteth

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24
Q

What did the Petition of Right do?

A

It prevented kings from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent, or impose military rule during peacetime; and citizens couldn’t be imprisoned without just cause, or forced to house soldiers

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25
Q

How did leadership change for Charles I to Charles II?

A

Charles I arrests parliament, and starts civil war; Roundheads beat Royalists, elects Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans, who does a bunch of bad stuff; Cromwell dies and Charles II is elected and the restoration begins

26
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

The bloodless change to rule by Mary and William of Orange from James II to prevent rule by Catholics, where the new king and queen signed the English Bill of Rights

27
Q

What was the Bill of Rights?

A

The king couldn’t just throw out a law.
He couldn’t close down Parliament.
He couldn’t raise taxes just for his own use.
He couldn’t keep a standing army in peacetime.
He couldn’t interfere with elections.
He couldn’t interfere with freedom of speech in Parliament.
He couldn’t punish people for sending him petitions.

28
Q

What happened during the Enlightenment?

A

People actually investigated the world instead of believing long-standing beliefs to be true

29
Q

What did John Locke believe?

A

That there was a “natural law” that governed social order; people have the right to life, liberty, and the ownership of property; people give up some of their freedoms to the government, and in turn the government is supposed to protect the freedoms of the people they govern; if the government robs rights, the people have the right to revolt

30
Q

What did Montesquieu believe?

A

That government should be split into three branches; a legislative (law-making) branch, an executive (law-executing) branch, and a judicial (law-interpreting) branch

31
Q

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe?

A

That the only true government is one that comes from the consent of the governed; that people should rely on their emotions rather than reason; and that society corrupts people

32
Q

In 1775, ___ was nowhere to be found, while ___ was widespread.

A

In 1775, DEMOCRACY was nowhere to be found, while ARISTOCRACY was widespread.

33
Q

three causes of the American Revolution. Provide more information for each
cause:
* taxes: ____________________________________________________________________________
* distance: __________________________________________________________________________
* English heritage: ____________________________________________________________________

A

taxes: Britain began to impose new taxes on the colonists. The colonists protested because they had no representation in the British Parliament.
distance: Colonists questioned why a distant land should be able to rule a colony 3,000 miles away
English heritage: The colonists were English and proud of their heritage of basic rights and liberty. This encouraged them to take arms against England.

34
Q

Why do you think the Estates-General refused to allow Louis XVI to impose new taxes and, instead, formed a new group called the National Assembly?

A

Many of the common people in France had barely enough to eat.
The French were tired of having a king who did not care about the rights of the people.
The French were inspired by the American Revolution.

35
Q

Complete the following to show some of the results of the American and French Revolutions
U.S. Constitution
South America
Europe after Napoleon’s defeat

A

U.S. Constitution:
It is one of the most imitated political documents in the world.
It was examined by revolutionaries for inspiration and ideas.
Colonists in Latin America used it as a model for their constitutions.

South America:
Napoleon’s wars and words influenced Spanish colonists in Latin America.
Spanish colonies in South America declared independence and fought to win their
independence.

Europe after Napoleon’s defeat:
European monarchs tightened their grip on power.
European rulers wanted to eliminate any trace of democracy.

36
Q

How were goods made before and after the Industrial Revolution?

A

Before: Made by hand
After: Made by machines and in factories

37
Q

What did James Watt do to begin the Industrial Revolution?

A

He invented an efficient steam engine

38
Q

Who published The Wealth of Nations?

A

Adam Smith

39
Q

What did Adam Smith think regarding business decisions?

A

They shouldn’t be controlled by the government

40
Q

What did Adam Smith think regarding buying and selling?

A

Should be guided by human self-interest

41
Q

What did Adam Smith think regarding competition?

A

Would make businesses more efficient and help keep prices down

42
Q

What did Adam Smith think regarding people?

A

Should be able to make deals, start companies, and take risks

43
Q

What did John McAdam invent?

A

A way to build roadbeds that drained well

44
Q

Who invented canals?

A

N/A

45
Q

What did Robert Fulton invent?

A

Figured out a way to make steam engines turn paddles to propel boats

46
Q

Who invented steam-powered engine to pull wagons
along wooden rails?

A

George Stephenson

47
Q

What did Samuel Morse invent?

A

Telegraph

48
Q

Who invented the underwater telegraph cable across the
Atlantic Ocean?

A

N/A

49
Q
  1. Industrialization led to demands for change. Tell what each group demanded.
    * factory owners:
    * middle class:
    * reformers:
A

Factory owners: more influence in running their governments
Middle class: changes to improve their own lives AND representation in legislatures and parliaments
Reformers: changes to improve the working and living conditions of factory workers AND a voice in government by the working class

50
Q

What was Romanticism in relation to the Enlightenment?

A

A rejection of the logic and reason of the Enlightenment

51
Q

What are the characteristics of neoclassical art?

A

They are orderly, harmonic, and balancedm

52
Q

What did Romantics think about Industrialization?

A

They thought if the progress is worth the human and social cost

53
Q

What did Romantics think?

A

The deepest truths lay not in science or reason but in the appreciation of nature, the expression of individual emotion, and the power of the imagination; they believed in the beauty of nature and the goodness of the common people

54
Q

What are some Romantic Poets?

A

William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and William Blake

55
Q

What poems did William Blake write?

A

Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience

56
Q

What poem did Wordsworth write?

A

Daffodils

57
Q

What are some Romantic artists?

A

John Constable; Eugene Delacroix

58
Q

What is Delacroix’s most famous painting?

A

Liberty leading the people

59
Q

What are some Romantic musicians?

A

Ludwig van Beethoven

60
Q

What are some Romantic writers?

A

Sir Walter Scott, Victor Hugo

Grade 10 History (4 decks)

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