Unit 3

Question 1

Why the Tokugawa shogunate kept Japan isolated.

Answer 1

Afraid Europeans might tamper with Japanese affairs, or even topple the shogunate

Question 2

How the Tokugawa shogunate kept Japan isolated.

Answer 2

Closed all ports but one to foreigners; killed all Christians; prohibited the leaving of Japan

Question 3

What was the cause of Western interest in Japan?

Answer 3

A location where ships could restock and refuel; plus a trading partner

Question 4

Why did the Japanese open their country to trade?

Answer 4

They could not beat the U.S. Navy; they knew that the Chinese had just been crushed

Question 5

2. Which Japanese delegate visited the United States and Europe and later introduced modern technology and ways of thinking to Japan

Answer 5

Fukuzawa Yukichi

Question 6

Meiji government began to invest ___.

Answer 6

Meiji government began to invest IN THE LATEST MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORTATION.

Question 7

Meiji government encouraged the growth of ___.

Answer 7

Meiji government encouraged the growth of OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY.

Question 8

The government ordered that schools ___.

Answer 8

The government ordered that schools BE BUILT IN MOST JAPANESE TOWNS AND VILLAGES.

Question 9

What was Japan’s military like?

Answer 9

The Meiji decided to modernize and build up their military. They set out to build a Japanese army organized on modern principles and modeled their navy after Great Britain’s navy. They continued to build up their army and navy.

Question 10

5. What effect did Japan’s modernization, success in the Sino-Japanese war, and domination in Korea have on the attitudes of most of the Japanese population?

Answer 10

A great surge of nationalist feeling swept through Japan.

Question 11

What was the relationship between Japan and Korea?

Answer 11

Japan sent troops to Korea because Korea had natural resources that Japan needed to sustain its industrialization. The Japanese government was worried that Korea would be taken over by an imperialist power such as Russia or Great Britain, or perhaps even by China. If that happened, Japan would not be able to get Korea’s natural resources. Japan’s invasion of Korea led to war with China—the Sino-Japanese War.

Question 12

Explain the irony in Japan’s imperialistic move into Korea.

Answer 12

The United States and many European nations used their military might to “convince” Japan that it should open its ports to foreign trade. These nations also needed Japan’s coal to fuel their naval ships. The Japanese responded by modernizing and industrializing so that Japan would not be dominated by imperialist powers. But then Japan used its new military power to invade Korea because Korea had resources it needed. Ironically, Japan had acted very much like the Western powers.

Question 13

Can natural disasters be prevented?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

How can the loss of life and damage be limited from natural disasters?

Answer 14

Educate citizens about what to do, mark evacuation routes, provide shelters to people, and give them help

Question 15

What is a tsunami, and in which country does the word originate?

Answer 15

A tsunami is an ocean wave. The word originates in Japan, where it means “harbor wave.”

Question 16

2. What causes tsunamis?

Answer 16

Tsunamis are caused by undersea volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes, and asteroid or comet impacts.

Question 17

3. Would a tsunami pose a threat to a ship located on the open ocean? Why, or why not?

Answer 17

No. In the open ocean, the waves of a tsunami spread out and have crests that are only a few feet high.

Question 18

4. If you lived in Hawaii, would you be concerned about earthquakes that occurred off the eastern coast of Japan? Why, or why not?

Answer 18

Yes. An earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan would most likely cause a tsunami that would quickly travel eastward across the Pacific Ocean, affecting Hawaii, Alaska, and possibly the west coast of the United States.

Question 19

Why have there been more earthquakes o
ff the east coast of Japan than off the west coast?

Answer 19

The Pacific Plate meets the Eurasian and Philippine plates off the east coast of Japan. Earthquakes occur where two tectonic plates converge.

Question 20

6. What do schools in Japan do to prepare their students for natural disasters?

Answer 20

They have evacuation drills every month. They use an earthquake simulator to teach students not to panic. They have fire-resistant hoods for all the students.

Question 21

7. In Japan, how are dogs used during natural disasters?

Answer 21

Dogs are trained to find people buried under rubble and collapsed buildings. The dogs run around the area and bark when they find someone.

Question 22

8. How has Japan’s residential construction industry responded to the threat of natural disasters?

Answer 22

Japan’s residential construction industry is developing quake-resistant and shock-absorbing techniques. These techniques will allow houses to remain standing after a major earthquake.

Question 23

9. Is Okushiri Island, Japan, safer from tsunamis today than it was before 1993? Explain your answer.

Answer 23

The Japanese government built seawalls around almost one-quarter of the island’s perimeter. A network of sensors detect earthquakes and trigger alarms in residents’ houses. Floodgates close to prevent waves from surging upriver. Lighted escape routes allow residents to quickly evacuate to higher ground. Workers built a raised platform at the island’s port where they can climb to avoid rising water.

Question 24

What did nationalism often lead to?

Answer 24

Imperialism

Question 25

What did industrialized nations want from China?

Answer 25

• the resources the colonies had
• markets where they could sell their manufactured goods
• fueling stations for their naval vessels
• power
• to determine how people in colonies should live and what religion they should follow

Question 26

3. How did Western imperial powers justify their imperialistic actions?

Answer 26

They told themselves that they were bringing “civilization” to “backward” peoples.

Question 27

6. There were two main results of the Opium Wars:

Answer 27

• Great Britain gained additional economic and political power in China.
• Lin Zexu urged China to modernize or risk further defeats.

Question 28

What happened to China’s self-esteem after the Sino-Japanese war?

Answer 28

China was humiliated.

Question 29

What happened to “Spheres of Influence” after the Sino-Japanese war?

Answer 29

In exchange for helping China to recover some territory, European nations establish spheres of influence in China.

Question 30

What happened to Taiwan after the Sino-Japanese war?

Answer 30

China gives Taiwan to Japan.

Question 31

What happened to One Hundred Days of Reform after the Sino-Japanese war?

Answer 31

Emperor Guangxu initiates the One Hundred Days of Reform and issues 40 decrees to help modernize China.

Question 32

3. At the end of the twentieth century, secret societies in China were planning how to drive _______________ out of their country. One of these societies was known as the _______________. At first, this society opposed both _______________ and _______________. The Boxers directed their anger at the foreigners they knew best–__________________________. In the summer of __________, the Boxers rose up in a rage and killed ______________________________________________________________. Six ____________________, plus _______________ and _______________ sent forces to put down the Boxer Rebellion. The Empress Dowager finally saw the need for ________________ and announced a series of ________________ for China.

Answer 32

3. At the end of the twentieth century, secret societies in China were planning how to drive FOREIGNERS out of their country. One of these societies was known as the BOXERS. At first, this society opposed both FOREIGN INFLUENCE and THE EMPRESS DOWAGER The Boxers directed their anger at the foreigners they knew best–PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES. In the summer of 1900, the Boxers rose up in a rage and killed MISSIONARIES, DIPLOMATS, JOURNALISTS, AND THOUSANDS OF CHINESE CHRISTIANS. Six EUROPEAN NATIONS, plus THE UNITED STATES and JAPAN sent forces to put down the Boxer Rebellion. The Empress Dowager finally saw the need for CHANGE and announced a series of REFORMS for China.

Question 33

4. What were the goals of the society that Sun Yat-sen formed in 1894?

Answer 33

to expel the Manchus from China and to establish a republic

Question 34

4. What were the goals of the society that Sun Yat-sen formed in 1894?

Answer 34

to blend one of the world’s oldest cultures with much that was valuable from the West; to adopt some Western political principles

Question 35

1. What name is given to the rush to build empires between 1870 and 1910 by industrialized nations?

Answer 35

New Imperialism

Question 36

3. Where were spheres of influence common? On which continent did imperial powers set up colonies?

Answer 36

Asia; Africa

Question 37

2. What is the difference between a sphere of influence and a colony? (from the Sphere of Influence? fact card)

Answer 37

Spheres of influence are places where the original political system remains intact, but give special rights to people of other nations; while colonies are places where imperialists make their own political system

Question 38

How did imperial powers like the United States and Great Britain justify having colonies?

Answer 38

They needed to bring Christianity and civilization to people in the colonies

Question 39

9. A ____________________ power extends its sovereignty over territory that lies beyond its borders. The colonial power either settles the colony or directly rules it and its population.

Answer 39

Colonial

Question 40

10. An ____________________ power extends its authority around the world either by acquiring territories or by influencing the economy and politics of an independent nation.

Answer 40

Imperial