Unit 4

Question 1

1. What two kinds of revolution at the beginning of the 1800s caused many people to feel optimistic about life at the beginning of the 1900s?

Answer 1

Industrial and democratic revolutions

Question 2

2. Why were tensions beginning to rise in industrialized nations in the early twentieth century?

Answer 2

Because of the competition between European nations

Question 3

Why did European nations form military alliances?

Answer 3

To dissuade other European nations from attacking them

Question 4

What European nations were in the Triple Alliance?

Answer 4

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Question 5

What European nations were in the Triple Entente?

Answer 5

Britain, France, Russia

Question 6

4. Why did people in colonies begin to demand freedom from imperial rule in the early 1900s?

Answer 6

They developed nationalist feelings of their own, and resented their foreign rulers

Question 7

5. In 1914, a ____________________ nationalist assassinated Archduke __________________________ (the heir to the ____________________ throne) while he was visiting ____________________, the capital of Bosnia.

Answer 7

5. In 1914, a BOSNIAN nationalist assassinated Archduke FRANZ FERDINAND (the heir to the HAPSBURG throne) while he was visiting SARAJEVO, the capital of Bosnia.

Question 8

Why did England think the war would be short?

Answer 8

They thought that their navy would defeat the German navy and choke their ports

Question 9

Why did France think the war would be short?

Answer 9

They thought their eastern barricades will be impenetrable

Question 10

Why did Germany think the war would be short?

Answer 10

They would quickly deliver a knockout punch to France, then return to Russia who took a while to form an army

Question 11

2. Germany’s strategy for a quick victory included a swift defeat of France. What happened in early September 1914 that resulted in the failure of this strategy?

Answer 11

French and British forces rallied, confronting the Germans at the Marne River. The Allied forces pushed the Germans back. Both sides began digging trenches.

Question 12

What is trench warfare?

Answer 12

Trench warfare was when both sides dug trenches along a front and shelled each other with artillery.

Question 13

What is no man’s land?

Answer 13

Soldiers would also “go over the top” to attempt to cross no man’s land and attack their enemy. Land mines, barbed wire, and machine guns made the chances of crossing no man’s land alive slim.

Question 14

What was a soldier’s life?

Answer 14

Mud, lice, rats, foul air, and hardly any fresh food made life in the trenches miserable.

Question 15

Define genocide.

Answer 15

The deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group

Question 16

The Ottomans _______________ the Armenians of cooperating with the _______________. In retaliation, the _______________ _______________ tens of thousands of Armenian men and boys. Ottoman troops plundered Armenian villages, raped thousands of women, and systematically deported women, children, and the elderly. The _______________ Armenians were taken to a desert region and left to walk to their deaths. More than a million _______________ perished. This came to be known as the Armenian Massacre.

Answer 16

The Ottomans ACCUSED the Armenians of cooperating with the RUSSIANS . In retaliation, the OTTOMANS EXECUTED tens of thousands of Armenian men and boys. Ottoman troops plundered Armenian villages, raped thousands of women, and systematically deported women, children, and the elderly. The DEPORTED Armenians were taken to a desert region and left to walk to their deaths. More than a million ARMENIANS perished. This came to be known as the Armenian Massacre.

Question 17

4. What group of people, who were seeking independence from the Ottoman Empire in the years prior to and during the Great War, did Thomas Edward Lawrence enlist as allies in the fight against the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 17

the Arabs of Egypt, Arabia, and Syria

Question 18

What was the effect of Britain winning the Battle of Jutland?

Answer 18

It allowed them to control European waters

Question 19

What was the effect of a German U-boat sinking the Lusitania?

Answer 19

It brought America into the war against the Central Powers

Question 20

What is total war?

Answer 20

A war in which the opposed nations used every resource they possessed to keep up the fight

Question 21

What is propaganda?

Answer 21

Biased information designed to rouse emotions

Question 22

What is a planned economy?

Answer 22

Economies that are largely planned and controlled by governments

Question 23

What is suffrage/

Answer 23

The right to vote

Question 24

2. Why did nations refuse to seek a truce during World War I?

Answer 24

Because they thought it would be unpatriotic and weak

Question 25

3. Two propaganda tools used during World War I were ____________________ and ____________________.

Answer 25

3. Two propaganda tools used during World War I were NEWSREELS and POSTERS.

Question 26

4. During the war, governments took control of their nations’ economies. They _________________________, _________________________, _________________________, and _________________________. In Germany, the government even required its civilians to work in specific ____________________.

Answer 26

4. During the war, governments took control of their nations’ economies. They SET PRICES, DETERMINED WAGES, RATIONED FOOD, and DECIDED WHICH INDUSTRIES WOULD GET WHAT RESOURCES. In Germany, the government even required its civilians to work in specific INDUSTRIES.

Question 27

5. What effect did the Great War have on the women’s suffrage movement?

Answer 27

It helped the women’s suffrage movement. Reformers argued that if women could take on the jobs they did during the war, they should be allowed to vote. During and shortly after the war, many Western governments began to grant women the right to vote.

Question 28

6. Name some of the types of work women began to perform to fill vacancies created when men went off to war.

Answer 28

ticket collectors, elevator operators, bank tellers, telephone operators, shopkeepers, workers in heavy industries and in munitions factories

Question 29

7. By 1917, which side seemed to be worse off—the Central Powers or the Allies? Explain your answer.

Answer 29

the Allies; German submarines were blockading Britain; mutinies broke out in the French army; Russia had suffered greatly and was on the brink of revolution