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Med Anatomy > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

Skeletal System

1
Q

6 main functions

A

Supports body
Protects vital organs
Allows movement
Stores minerals
Aids red blood cell production
stores chemical energy

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

form bone by depositing minerals

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3
Q

Osteocytes

A

maintain bone tissue/bone cells

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4
Q

Osteoclasts

A

breakdown bone tissue
Reabsorbing old bone

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5
Q

Ossification

A

how bone forms

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6
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

convert membrane models to bone

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7
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

convert cartilage to bone

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

outer connective tissue membrane covering out surface of most bone

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9
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft or midsection of bone- bone marrow/adipose tissue

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10
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage found on ends of long bones to reduce friction during joint movement

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11
Q

Medullary cavity

A

central cavity in diaphysis contains red bone and yellow bone marrow

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12
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

soft, gel-like hematopoietic tissue fills diaphysis and produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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13
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

adipose tissue will replace red bone marrow in diaphysis of long bones during adulthood

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14
Q

Bone shapes

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
–sesamoid

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15
Q

Long Bones

A

Long
distinct diaphysis and number of epiphysis
EX: humerus, femur, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges

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16
Q

Short Bones

A

Cube shaped
nearly equal length and width
Spongy texture on inside
EX: carpal and tarsal

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17
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin and flat
anterior and posterior surface w/ spongy bone in middle
provides protection
EX: Sabula, Carnal and sternum

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18
Q

Irregular Bones

A

complex shaped
cannot be classified
vary amount of spongy and compact
EX: vertebra and sphenoid

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19
Q

Sesamoid Bone

A

Tiny
seed shaped around body

20
Q

Bone Makings

A

bump, groove, opening, and depression associated

21
Q

Foramen

A

hole/opening for nerves and blood vessels
EX: foramen Magnum

22
Q

Meatus

A

Tube-like passage
EX: Auditory meatus

23
Q

Sinus

A

Space within a bone
EX: Frontal sinus

24
Q

Fossa

A

Depression/groove in bone
EX: Glenoid fossa

25
Q

Condyle

A

Large rounded prominence on bone
a large, rounded, knuckle-like prominence usually where bones articulate
EX: Greater tubercle of humerus

26
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, rounded, roundhand attachment of tendons/ ligaments
Ex: Tibial

27
Q

Trochanter

A

Large blunt process found on femur
Ex: greater trochanters of femur

28
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection for muscle
Ex: greater trochanters of humerus

29
Q

Process

A

Growth or extension from bone
EX: mastoid process of temporal bone

30
Q

Fontanels

A

infants soft spots
EX: Anterior fontanel

31
Q

Sutures

A

strong/joints of cranial bones
EX: coronal suture

32
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

80 bones and forms
skull - 22 bones
vertebrae - 24 bones
ribcage - 24 bones
hyoid bone - 1

33
Q

Appendicular

A

126 bones
helps in locomotion - pelvic girdle and lower limbs
manipulation of objects in environment - pectoral girdle and upper limbs

34
Q

Joints (Articulations)

A

point of contact between bones
bones and cartilage
bones and fibrous

35
Q

Fibrous joints

A

held together by connective tissues
EX: sutures

36
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

held together by cartilage
EX: vertebral disc

37
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joint capsule
Ex: elbow joints and knee joints and fingers

38
Q

Synarthroses

A

no movement
EX: sutures

39
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Small or slight movement
Ex: intervertebral disks

40
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely moveable joints
EX: Elbow, shoulder

41
Q

Diseases

A

Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

42
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Joint disease w/ aging or trauma

43
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Decrease in bone mass and density
increase susceptibility of fractures
Contributing factors- , poor nutrition, low activity levels, weight
Treatment

44
Q

Maxilla

A

considered a facial bone

45
Q

temporal

A

considered a cranial bone

Med Anatomy (14 decks)

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