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Med Anatomy > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

Tissues

1
Q

Tissues

A

group of cells with common embryonic origin performing similar function

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2
Q

4 main tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covering of external body
lines cavities and openings
(avascular)

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4
Q

Layers of cells (epithelial)

A

simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

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5
Q

Simple

A

single layer, minimal wear and tear, found in capillaries and alveoli

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6
Q

Stratified

A

several layers
high degree of wear and tear protection

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7
Q

Pseudostratified

A

one layer but looks like many layers
not all cells reach free surface
goblet cells

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8
Q

Squamous

A

flat, scale like

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9
Q

cuboidal

A

box or cube like

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10
Q

Columnar

A

column or rectangular like

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11
Q

Connective tissue

A

binding and supporting tissue
composed of collagen
vascular

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A

stores fat
major energy reserve
protects and insulates

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13
Q

Cartilage tissue

A

Avascular
chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells)
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

found at ends of long bones

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15
Q

Fibro cartilage

A

shock absorption
found in pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

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16
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

structural cartilage
mains shapes of organs like ear and nose

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17
Q

Dense fibrous tissue

A

Connects muscles and bones
parallel fashion
components of
tendons
ligaments

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18
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Mostly fluid
blood cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells

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19
Q

Osseous (one tissue)

A

specialized cells:
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
mineral salts:
calcium carbonate
2 bone tissues:
compact bone
spongy bone

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20
Q

spongy bone

A

densely packed
trabeculae
hematopoiesis(creation of blood)

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21
Q

Muscle tissue

A

muscle cells
chemical energy to mechanical energy
3 types:
skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones
striated(striped)
voluntary

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

bulk of heart wall
striated
involuntary
intercalated discs

24
Q

Smooth muscle

A

hollow structures and organs:
intestines
stomach
bladder
non-striated

25
Q

Nervous tissue

A

conducts electrical signals
neuron
transmits impulses to:
other neurons
glands
muscle fibers

26
Q

Nerve cells(neuron)
neuroglia (other cells)

A

Cell body - nucleus
axons - away from cell body
dendrites - toward cell body

27
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete products into ducts
EX: goblet cell secrete mucus

28
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secretes substances into bloodstream
ductless glands
thyroid glands
adrenal glands
pituitary glands

29
Q

4 membranes

A

Mucous
serous
synovial
cutaneous

30
Q

mucous membrane

A

Lines structures with opening to external environment
prevents cavities from drying out

31
Q

Serous membranes

A

Surrounds and protects organs
Lines body cavities that don’t open external environment
2 layers:
visceral organ layer - covers organs
parietal layer - attached to cavity wall

32
Q

Synovial membrane

A

surrounds joints
no epithelial tissue

33
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

skin
sudoriferous glands - sweat
sebaceous glands - oil
ceruminous glands - ear wax

34
Q

4 main parts of skin

A

Skin
Glands
Hair
Nails

35
Q

Skin

A

Vitamin D
main function of maintaining body temp
heat: vasodilation, perspiration
Cold: vasoconstriction, shivering

36
Q

Glands

A

sebaceous - oil
sudoriferous glands - sweat
Apocrine sweat glands
Eccrine sweat glands

37
Q

Apocrine glands

A

located in skin of axilla, pubic region, pigments areas
thickened sweat
growth of bacteria

38
Q

Eccrine glands

A

distributed throughout the body
watery sweat in response to body temp

39
Q

Hair (structures and functions)

A

Growths from epidermis
protects
helps regulate body temp
touch receptors with hair follicles

40
Q

Hair (anatomy)

A

Shaft- above surface of skin
Root - below skin
Bulb - onion shaped
Papilla - blood vessels, verves enter/exit
Matrix - area of cell division and hair growth

41
Q

Nails (structure and function)

A

tightly packed, hard, keratinized cells
clear solid covering over dorsal
provides protection to ends of digits
grasps small objects

42
Q

Nails (anatomy)

A

nail body - visilble
free edge - extends beyond digit
root- hidden in proximal nail groove
lunula - end of nail body
eponychium- cuticle
nail matrix - epithelium at end of nail

43
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of skin
avascular
stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

Cells of epidermis (2)

A

keratinocytes
-produces keratin
-waterproof skin
-protective barrier
Melanocytes
-produces melanin
-protection from sunlight

45
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis
-Basale
-spinosum
-granulosum
-lucidum
-corneum
Dermis
-papillary
-reticular

46
Q

dermis

A

skin under epidermis
contains blood vessels
hair follicles, and nerve endings

47
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

bundle of smooth muscles
hair stand up when contracted
-cold
-scared
-emotions

48
Q

Receptors in skin

A

distal ends of neurons
receive info about environment

49
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

not part of true skin
called hypodermis
contains nerve endings

50
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

glands secrete sweat
regulates body temp

51
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oily substance called sebum
mixture of fats
cholesterol
protein
inorganic salts

52
Q

skin cancer

A

cancerous growths skin tissue
exposure to sun
3 types of skin cancer:
basal
squamous
malignant -most dangerous

53
Q

decubitus ulcers

A

bed sores pressure sores
prolonged ressure in blood boney projection

54
Q

Eczema

A

skin condition
itchy
inflame patches of skin

55
Q

Lesion

A

any abnormality in tissue

56
Q

burns

A

1st degree - redness, damage to epidermis
2nd degree - blisters, damage epidermis and in dermis
3rd degree - black and cherry red, destroys epidermis and dermis

Med Anatomy (11 decks)

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