Unit 5

Question 1

Positive punishment

Answer 1

consequence of behaviour is an increase in intensity of a stimulus, or appearance of

Question 2

Negative punishment

Answer 2

consequence of a behaviour is the removal or decrease in intensity of a stimulus
- stimulus is normally sought out

Question 3

Penalty training

Answer 3

aka negative punishment

Question 4

Catania’s 3 rules for experience

Answer 4

1. behaviour must have consequences
2. behaviour must decrease in strength
3. decrease must be a result of the consequence

Question 5

Response preventation

Answer 5

alters the environment to prevent behaviour
alternative to punishment

Question 6

DRA

Answer 6

differential reinforcement of alternative behaviour
- providing a second behaviour to reinforce, distracts from initial reinforcer

Question 7

differential reinforcement (3 types)

Answer 7

DRA
DRI
DRL

Question 8

DRI

Answer 8

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour
- increase new behaviour that interferes with undesired behaviour. e.g., moving away from the lever

Question 9

DRL

Answer 9

differential reinforcement of low rate. when behaviour is decreased but not stopped
- e.g., DRL 5” - reinforcement after the behaviour doesn’t occur for 5 seconds

Question 10

. The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by_____ around the turn of the century.

Answer 10

Thorndike

Question 11

. Positive punishment and _____ are often mistakenly thought to refer to the same procedure.

Answer 11

negative reinforcement

Question 12

Positive and negative punishment are similar in that both _____ a behaviour.

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

In positive punishment, something is _____; in negative punishment, something is _____.

Answer 13

added
removed

Question 14

Figure 8-5 shows that the more _____ a punisher, the more it _____ the rate of a behavior.

Answer 14

intense
reduces

Question 15

In general, the _____ the level of reinforcer deprivation, the _____ effective a punisher is.

Answer 15

greater/higher
less

Question 16

Any four of the variables covered may be named: contingency, contiguity, punisher intensity, beginning level of punishment, availability of reinforcement for the punished behavior, alternative sources of reinforcement, deprivation level, and qualitative features of the punisher.

Answer 16

contingency, contiguity, punisher intensity, beginning level of punishment, availability of reinforcement for the punished behavior, alternative sources of reinforcement, deprivation level, and qualitative features of the punisher.

Question 17

The two processes of the two-process theory are _____and _____.

Answer 17

operant learning
pavlovian conditioning

Question 18

The five problems that can arise with punishment are _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 18

escape, abuse, apathy, aggression, imitative use of punishment

Question 19

In differential reinforcement, an unwanted behavior (or rate of behavior) is placed on _____, and a more desirable behavior (or rate of behavior) is _____.

Answer 19

extinction

reinforced

Question 20

In a DRL 10” schedule, the effect of pressing a lever after eight seconds
is to delay _____.

Answer 20

reinforcement