Unit 4 Flashcards
Between-ratio pause
aka post-reinforcement pause, pre-ratio pauses
Chain schedule
when reinforcement is delieverd on completion of the last in a series of schedule
e.g., CHAIN FR 10 FI 15” VR 20 -> reinforcement occurs after VR 20
Concurrent schedule
2+ schedules available at a given time
CRF
Behaviour is reinforced after every occurrence.
Leads to rapid increase in behaviour
Cooperative schedule
Schedule depends on the behaviour of 2+ individuals
Discrimination hypothesis
Capaldi
Extinction takes longer after intermittent reinforcement between it is harder to discriminate between intermittent - extinction vs continuous - extinction
FD schedule
Fixed-duration schedules are when reinforcement is contingency of the continuous performance of a behaviour for X period of time.
FI schedule
reinforcement is dispensed following a behaviour but only when the behaviour occurs after a given period of time
FR schedule
Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
FT schedule
Fixed-time schedule is a noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) schedule.
- reinforcer is delivered after a period of time regardless of what kind of behaviour occurs
frustration hypothesis
Amsel argues nonreinforcement of previously reinforced behaviour is frustrating, which is an aversive emotional state, and anything that reduces frustration is reinforcement
CRF - no frustration;
during EXT, frustration is lowered by not performing behaviour
in intermittent, there is periods of non-reinforcement + frustration and frustration can become a cue for pressing the lever. Higher ratio = higher frustration
intermittent schedule
when reinforcement occurs on some occasions but not other
contrast with CRT
matching law
mixed schedule
when behaviour is under the influence of 2+ schedules but there are no stimuli associated with the change in reinforcement contingencies
notation: MIX (followed by schedules)
multiple schedule
when behaviour is under the influence of 2+ schedules
notation: MULTI (followed by schedules)
stimulus will inform changing of schedule (e.g., light, sound)
NCR
noncontingent reinforcement schedules is when a reinforcer is delivered independently of behaviour
types: Fixed-time (FT) and variable time (VT)
PR schedule
progressive ratio schedule (progressive schedule type) is when reinforcement requirement increases in a predetermined way, often immediately follow reinforcement
e.g., 1st reinforcement occurs at 2x, 2nd occurs at 4x, 3rd occurs at 6x.
PRE
partial-reinforcement effect
when the tendency of a behaviour from an intermittent schedule is more resistant to extinction than a behaviour on CONTINUOUS reinforcement
Mowrer + Jones rats: greater ratio = greater presses during extinction
post-reinforcement pause
AKA pre-ratio pause, between-ratio pause
pre-ratio pause
post-reinforcement pauses; between reinforcement - behaviour beginning
ratio strain
when a ratio is stretched too fast or too thin and the behaviour breaks down
response unit hypothesis
Mowrer + Jones; the unit of behaviour changes from CRF to intermittant
CRF -> each behaviour is a unit
vs FR 2 -> 2 behaviours are a unit
run rate
The rate at which behaviour occurs
- not effected by variables that affect post-reinforcement
schedule effects
The distinct patterns of behaviour produced by a schedule of reinforcement
