Unit 5

Question 1

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 1

Unregulated use of public resources will lead to depletion

Question 2

Aquifer

Answer 2

a piece of rock or soil that contains groundwater, can be unconfined or confined

Question 3

Groundwater recharge

Answer 3

when groundwater is replenished by precipitation

Question 4

Artesian well

Answer 4

drilling a hole into a confined aquifer

Question 5

Cone of depression

Answer 5

when groundwater is depleted because it is taken out faster than it can be replenished

Question 6

Saltwater intrusion

Answer 6

when groundwater is not present to hold up the structure of coastal aquifers so saltwater rushes in

Question 7

Floodplain

Answer 7

areas next to a river, extremely fertile

Question 8

Levees and dikes

Answer 8

mounds that prevent water from flowing into areas

Question 9

Aqueduct

Answer 9

something that carries water to places

Question 10

Furrow irrigation

Answer 10

rows of water next to plants

Question 11

Drip irrigation

Answer 11

is the most water efficient, drips water to roots of individual plants

Question 12

Flood irrigation

Answer 12

flooding a field, results in the most salinization

Question 13

Tillage

Answer 13

when you flip over soil to loosen it up. Allows for more percolation of water, more nutrients, and reduced weeds

Question 14

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Answer 14

using means other than chemicals to get rid of pests such as natural predators, GMOs, and crop rotation

Question 15

Crop rotation

Answer 15

planting different crops each season to replenish the nutrients that are depleted in soil. Also helps to break up weeds

Question 16

Soil degradation

Answer 16

soil quality goes down, there are barely nutrients left and less of an opportunity for plants to flourish

Question 17

Externalities

Answer 17

things that are not calculated when you buy things

Question 18

Logging

Answer 18

cutting all trees to their stumps

Question 19

Waterlogging

Answer 19

when water is unable to drain in a field

Question 20

Zoning

Answer 20

separates areas of land for different purposes: industry and residential

Question 21

Energy subsidy

Answer 21

the amount of work in calories that goes into one calorie of food

Question 22

The Green Revolution

Answer 22

a shift in agricultural practices (more mechanization and use of pesticides) which significantly increased the yield of crops

Question 23

Monocropping

Answer 23

planting one type of plant over and over again - leads to depletion of nutrients in soil

Question 24

Fishery collapse

Answer 24

a decline of at least 90% in fish populations

Question 25

Desertification

Answer 25

when land becomes unplantable and ungrazable

Question 26

Intercropping/crop rotation

Answer 26

uses different types of plants in the same area to replenish nutrients

Question 27

Contour plowing

Answer 27

plowing and planting according to the shape of a piece of land. Reduces erosino

Question 28

Bottom trawling nets

Answer 28

Fish catching nets that graze on the sea floor and destroy it

Question 29

reserves

Answer 29

sources we can mine from

Question 30

spoils

Answer 30

waste created by mining

Question 31

tailing

Answer 31

bodies of water left behind by mining that contain residue and chemicals

Question 32

Overburden

Answer 32

the soil removed from mining

Question 33

agroforestry

Answer 33

intercropping trees with vegetables. Reduces erosion