unit 1

Question 1

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred

Question 2

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

Energy’s capability to do work decreases as it gets transferred. All systems move to chaos instead of order

Question 3

Entropy

Answer 3

chaos

Question 4

Energy efficiency

Answer 4

The ratio of energy made vs taken in

Question 5

Energy quality

Answer 5

Energy concentration in an object, how easily energy can be used in an object

Question 6

System analysis

Answer 6

determining inputs, outputs, and overall changes in systems

Question 7

Closed system

Answer 7

Exchanging within boundaries. Matter

Question 8

Open system

Answer 8

exchanging through boundaries. Energy

Question 9

Steady state

Answer 9

inputs = outputs

Question 10

Photosynthesis

Answer 10

converting carbon dioxide and water into sugar (energy) and oxygen

Question 11

Cellular respiration

Answer 11

a process where cells unlock the energy in chemical compounds

Question 12

aerobic respiration

Answer 12

converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and energy

Question 13

anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

converting glucose into carbon dioxide and energy

Question 14

Producers/autotrophs

Answer 14

organisms that photosynthesize (plants)

Question 15

Consumers/heterotrophs

Answer 15

organisms that consume others for energy

Question 16

Primary consumers/herbivores

Answer 16

animals that eat plants

Question 17

Secondary consumers

Answer 17

animals that eat primary consumers/herbivoers

Question 18

Tertiary consumers

Answer 18

animals that eat other animals

Question 19

Omnivores

Answer 19

eat producers and consumers

Question 20

Carnivores

Answer 20

eat consumers

Question 21

Scavengers

Answer 21

animals like falcons, hawks, and hyenas that eat carcasses

Question 22

Detritovores

Answer 22

recycle matter by eating dead stuff and pooping it out

Question 23

Decomposers

Answer 23

eat dead matter and break it down into elements

Question 24

GPP

Answer 24

the total amount of energy captured from photosynthesis

Question 25

NPP

Answer 25

the total amount of energy after capturing it from the sun and respiring it

Question 26

10 percent rule

Answer 26

Only 10% of biomass can be converted into energy. The rest is released as heat

Question 27

Biomass

Answer 27

the total amount of living matter in an area

Question 28

Standing crop

Answer 28

the total amount of biomass at a particular time

Question 29

Pathogens

Answer 29

an organism that lives in an another organism and causes disease

Question 30

Parasitoids

Answer 30

organisms that lay their eggs in another organism and kill it

Question 31

Keystone species

Answer 31

a species that is not abundant but has a large effect on the ecosystem

Question 32

Ecosystem engineer

Answer 32

an organism that significantly modifies its ecosystem by creating or maintaining a habitat for another species

Question 33

Temporal resource partitioning

Answer 33

animals use their food at different times to avoid competition

Question 34

Spatial resource partitioning

Answer 34

animals use their food in different areas to avoid competition

Question 35

Morphological resource partitioning

Answer 35

different evolutionary features causes organisms to use their food in different ways