Unit 5

Question 1

Bill of Rights

Answer 1

United States.
A set of ten amendments to the United States constitution adopted in 1791. It prohibted the American government from passing laws that infringe upon such matters as freedom of religion, speech, and right to a fair trial

Question 2

Charlottetown Accord

Answer 2

1992
A package of proposed constitutional changes, including recognition of the inherent rights of Indigenous peoples to self-government and major changes to the senate.

Question 3

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Answer 3

A part of the Canadian Constitution act of 1982
The charter protects a variety of rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens. it is superior to ordinary legislation, explicitly allows courts to invalidate legislation, and applies to the actions of all government and organizations under the control of the government.

Question 4

Charter Proofing

Answer 4

Charter proofing refers to the process of ensuring that government policies, laws, and actions conform to a nation’s constitution or charter of rights and freedoms

Question 5

Constitution

Answer 5

Fundamental rules and principles by which a state is governing

Question 6

Formal Constitution

Answer 6

Codified or Written
A constitution whose major provisions are set out in a formal constitution document or set of constitution docuemnts

Question 7

Informal Constitution

Answer 7

Conventional or Unwritten
Vague udnerstanding of the foundational rules, and they are normally followed as acceptable or in general agreement with the values of that society. These rules are not written within any codified document

Question 8

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 8

A system of governing in which the Monarch acts as the official head of state but is strictly limited in power by the constitution.

Question 9

Emergency Powers

Answer 9

This refers to a special set of legal authorities and provisions that governments may invoke during times of crisis or emergency. These powers are designed to give the government flexibility and the tools needed to respond swiftly and effectively to various types of emergencies.

Question 10

International Criminal Court

Answer 10

An intergovernmental organization and international tribunal with jurisdiction to prosecute indibduals foir the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The court judges political leaders and attempts to hold them accountable for there actions on the world stage

Question 11

Judicial Review

Answer 11

the authority of the courts to strike down legislation or governmental actions that the courts deem to be in violation of the constitution

Question 12

Latimer Case

Answer 12

This case involved a father killing his severely handicapped daughter in what he claimed was an act of compassion to relieve her extreme suffereing

Question 13

Meech Lake Accord

Answer 13

1987
A package of purposed constitutional changes that was not passed. It contained controversial provisions, including the recognition of Quebec as a “distinct society”

Question 14

Notwithstanding clause

Answer 14

A provision of the charter that allows a legislative body to explictily declare that a particular law shall operate notwithstanding of the provision of the charter,

Question 15

Seperation of powers

Answer 15

American
refers to the division of governmental authority and functions into distinct branches. typically three branches.
1, Legislative Branch
2. the executive branch
3. Judicial Branch

Question 16

Union of Powers

Answer 16

Refers to system where there is a fusion or close collaboration between the different branches of government. Roles and functions of the branches are not clearly separated as in a strict separation of powers system.

Question 17

Reasonable Limits

Answer 17

Section1 of the Charter that allows laws to explicitly place limits on rights and freedoms provided that the limits can be “demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society”

Question 18

Rights

Answer 18

Rights are fundamental, inherent entitlements that people possess typically by virtue of their status as a citizen of a particular society

Question 19

Rule of Law

Answer 19

The idea that people should be subject to known, predictable, and impartial rules of conduct, rather than arbitary orders of particular individuals

Question 20

Sharia Law

Answer 20

A system of law based on the Qu’ran, the teachings and practices of the prophet Mohammed, and Islamic jurispurdence

Question 21

parliamentary Sovereignty

Answer 21

basic principle of the British system of governing, recognizing Parliament as the supreme law-making body such that the courts cannot invalidate an Act of Parliament.