UNIT 3

Question 1

Enlightment

Answer 1

An intellectual movement that developed in the 18th century, emphasizing the power of human reason to understand and improve the world

Question 2

Equality

Answer 2

Refers to the state of being equal in rights, opportunities’, and status. It involves treating people and groups fairly without discrimination based on characteristics such as race or gender

Question 3

Freedom

Answer 3

Refers to the absence of undue restraints or restrictions on individuals or groups, allowing them to act, think and express themselves without interference

Question 4

Political Ideology

Answer 4

A set of ideas, beliefs, and values that shape and guide political thought and action. It provides a framework for understanding and addressing social, economic, and political issues and offers a vision for organizing society and governance

Question 5

Keysianism

Answer 5

An economic and policy approach associated with the ideas of economist John Maynard Keynes. It emphasizes the role of government intervention in managing and stabilizing the economy, particularly during times of recession or depression

Question 6

Laisseez-faire system

Answer 6

A system in which privately owned businesses, workers, and consumers freely interact in the marketplace without government interference

Question 7

Left and Right

Answer 7

These are broad categories that represent political ideological alignments within the political spectrum. The left is often associated with progressive or liberal ideas, emphasizing social equality, government intervention and collective responsibility.

The right is associated with conservative and traditional ideas, emphasizing individual liberty, limited government intervention, and free market principles

Question 8

Classical Liberalism

Answer 8

A form of liberalism that views government as having the limited purposes of protecting life, liberty, and property

Question 9

Reform liberlism

Answer 9

a version of liberalism that combine support for indivdual freedom with a belief that government action may be needed to help remove obstacles to individual development,.

Question 10

Neo-Liberalism

Answer 10

A perspective based on a strong belief in the free market place and opposition to government intervention in the economy

Question 11

Liberty

Answer 11

Refers to the state of being free from oppressive restrictions of limitations on ones actions, thoughts, and choices. It encompasses personal freedom, civil liberities, and political freedoms that people enjoy within the framework of society

Question 12

Peloponnesian wars

Answer 12

the conflict between athens and its allies with the oligarchies that sides with Sparta.

Question 13

Political Philosophy

Answer 13

A branch of philosophy that examines questions related to political power, governances, jsutice, rights, and organization of societies.

Question 14

Rights

Answer 14

These are the entitlements or freedoms that individuals possess, typically protected by law or recognized as inherent

Question 15

Rule of law

Answer 15

the rule of law is a principle that states that all individuals and institutions are subject to and must abide by the law, regardless of their status of power

Question 16

State of nature

Answer 16

(Hobbes): Refers to a hypothetical pre-social and pre-political condition in which individuals exist without a centralized authority or government.

Question 17

The Unexamined Life

Answer 17

Socrates: It refers to a life lived without self reflection, critical inquiry, or questioning ones beliefs, values, or actions. he argued that an unexamined life is not worth living and emphasized the importance of seeking wisdom, truth, and moral understanding through philosophical inquiry.