Unit 5

Question 1

An arrangement where two people living together are engaged in an intimate relationship but are not married.

Answer 1

cohabitation

Question 2

A family composed of two parents and their children.

Answer 2

nuclear family

Question 3

The practice in most industrialized cultures when a married couple finds a new place to live that is not in the household of either set of their parents.

Answer 3

neolocality

Question 4

A system in which men hold the power and women are excluded from power.

Answer 4

patriarchy

Question 5

The development of technological and systemic changes that will meet current production demands without causing further damage to the environment.

Answer 5

sustainable development

Question 6

A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.

Answer 6

blended family

Question 7

A dispersed group of people who share a similar interest but do not interact.

Answer 7

mass

Question 8

Connections between individuals that are established through ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

Answer 8

kinship

Question 9

A new norm that defines behavior in ambiguous situations, usually developed as part of a crowd

Answer 9

emergent norm

Question 10

A worldview which accepts or values multiple religions coexisting in the same society.

Answer 10

pluralism

Question 11

The assets a person has that are not financial, such as education, patterns of speech, tastes, and manner of dress, which take time and energy to acquire.

Answer 11

cultural capital

Question 12

The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the husband’s parents

Answer 12

patrilocal

Question 13

The act of cutting down trees and reducing forests for the sake of industries such as logging and agriculture.

Answer 13

deforestation

Question 14

Someone who inspires people within an organization because of his or her apparent extraordinary gifts or qualities.

Answer 14

charismatic leader

Question 15

A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent.

Answer 15

stepfamily

Question 16

An organized group of people dedicated to changing (or dedicated to resisting change to) a cultural norm, behavior, or value.

Answer 16

social movement

Question 17

Someone who does not know if gods or supernatural entities exist.

Answer 17

agnostic

Question 18

A traditional story of a people or culture that serves to explain some natural phenomenon, the origin of humanity, or customs or religious rites.

Answer 18

myth

Question 19

A trend in the 1940s and 1950s in which there grew to be increasing reliance on, and spread of, new strains of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops like corn, wheat, rice, millet, and sorghum.

Answer 19

Green Revolution

Question 20

A religious organization with its own doctrine, clergy, and central governing body.

Answer 20

church

Question 21

The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the wife’s parents.

Answer 21

matrilocal

Question 22

A system to restore or maintain, especially by trained professionals, mental and physical well-being.

Answer 22

health care

Question 23

The average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age remain the same in the future.

Answer 23

life expectancy

Question 24

The fundamental and often first social group for an individual; a ________ frequently consists of biological relatives to the individual, but more generally, it has strong emotional ties to and is instrumental in raising children.

Answer 24

family

Question 25

An independent branch of a larger church with members who might disagree with certain aspects of the church's teaching but who still subscribe to its main message.

Answer 25

denomination

Question 26

A recently formed and different religion that is at odds with the current dominant society or religion; also sometimes called new religion.

Answer 26

cult

Question 27

A lack of belief in the existence of a deity.

Answer 27

atheism

Question 28

The tendency of people to marry others with similar characteristics as them.

Answer 28

homogamy

Question 29

The increase of temperature on the earth's surface on a global scale.

Answer 29

global warming

Question 30

The worship of or belief in multiple gods.

Answer 30

polytheism

Question 31

A social and legal union that usually involves economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing.

Answer 31

marriage

Question 32

An object, word, or action that stands for something else.

Answer 32

symbol

Question 33

The worship of or belief in a single god.

Answer 33

monotheism

Question 34

A family that includes more members than just parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

Answer 34

extended family

Question 35

A subdivision of a larger religious group with members who usually share somewhat different beliefs from the dominant group.

Answer 35

sect

Question 36

An organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices, usually offering a moral code and a worldview.

Answer 36

religion

Question 37

Materials that contain potential energy, formed from organic decay that has been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over billions of years.

Answer 37

fossil fuels

Question 38

The belief that each person has a spiritual connection or kinship with animals or plants.

Answer 38

totemism

Question 39

A non-institutionalized activity in which large numbers of people voluntarily participate.

Answer 39

collective behavior

Question 40

A general measure of health. It is the number of children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000 for a given region.

Answer 40

infant mortality rate

Question 41

The belief that inanimate objects have souls because of a supernatural power that controls the material universe.

Answer 41

animism

Question 42

Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse between family members.

Answer 42

family violence

Question 43

A set of actions, often ceremonial in nature, performed mainly for their symbolic or religious value.

Answer 43

ritual

Question 44

The act of making air, land, water, and other aspects of the environment dirty or unsafe for humans and wildlife.

Answer 44

pollution

Question 45

The use of educational achievements to determine who is eligible for jobs, even if the degree does not apply to the actual job.

Answer 45

credential society

Question 46

A large number of people in close proximity who may or may not interact with each other.

Answer 46

crowd

Question 47

The use of education to determine a person's social standing.

Answer 47

social placement

Question 48

A society's formal system of teaching knowledge and skills.

Answer 48

education

Question 49

The shifting in focus of a religion from spiritual concerns to concerns of this world, or the process in which religion loses its social and cultural significance.

Answer 49

secularization

Question 50

Resources that cannot be naturally replenished at a rate equal to their consumption. Examples include natural gas, oil, and coal, whose formation takes billions of years.

Answer 50

nonrenewable

Question 51

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Answer 51

health

Question 52

A way of explaining the rights and responsibilities of a person who is ill.

Answer 52

sick role

Question 53

The constant pressure experienced by those in capitalist societies to meet the economic demand for profit and growth.

Answer 53

treadmill of production

Question 54

The phenomenon of changes in weather patterns on a global scale due to the increase of temperature on the earth's surface.

Answer 54

climate change