Unit 5

Question 1

What is the difference in the structure of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic DNA is circular (one big loop)
Eukaryotic DNA is linear (multiple rods)

Question 2

Describe what a ribosome is

Answer 2

A macromolecules all around the cell, synthesize protein

Question 3

What are the three characteristics of plasma membrane?

Answer 3

1-removes waste out of the cell
2-allows nutrients in
3-contains protein structures

Question 4

What are three aspects that make eukaryotic cell more complex?

Answer 4

1-its compartmentalized: has organelles
2-has an internal endomembrane system: fast exchange of material and stores protein
3-has a cytoskeleton: helps in transport and organization of organelles

Question 5

Name all parts of an animal cell (16)

Answer 5

Labo

Question 6

Name all parts of a plant cell (19)

Answer 6

Labo

Question 7

What is the role of the nucleus

Answer 7

-stores genetic material
-contains linear chromatin
-assembles ribosome subunits
-surrounded by nuclear envelope, which had nuclear pores

Question 8

What is the role of SER

Answer 8

-lipid synthesis
-detoxification

Question 9

What is the difference between SER and RER

Answer 9

SER does not have ribosomes attached to it

Question 10

What does the endomembrane do?

Answer 10

-synthesizes, modifies and tags protein
-transports protein

Question 11

What are the 5 steps in the endomembrane system?

Answer 11

1-RER assembles and modifies polypeptide
2-Transport vesicles move the protein to Golgi
3-Golgi packages and tags protein to molecules
4-lysosomes move finished protein out of cell for delivery
5-protein go through plasma membrane

Question 12

What is the role of RER

Answer 12

-synthesis and assembly of proteins

Question 13

What is the role of transport vesicles

Answer 13

Move protein from RER to Golgi

Question 14

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Modify, package and distribute material to different parts of the cell

Question 15

What is the role of secretory vescicles

Answer 15

Fuse into pm after budding off golgi, spilling their content into pm

Question 16

When SV fuses to PM, where do the proteins go?

Answer 16

Outside of the cell

Question 17

What is a mitochondria

Answer 17

-make energy from glucose
-have their own DNA to make copies of themselves
-look like beans

Question 18

What is a cytoskeleton

Answer 18

-network of protein fibres
-shapes cell and keeps organelles in place
-pathways for materials to follow
-look like veins

Question 19

What are the three specialized cells for cell movement?

Answer 19

-flagella
-cillia
-pseudopodia

Question 20

What is cilia

Answer 20

Small hairs specialized in the movement of the cell

Question 21

What is pseudopodia

Answer 21

Temporary extension of the cytoplasm that act like feet. Makes the cell have a weird shape

Question 22

What are the three main differences between a plant and animal cell?

Answer 22

-plant cells have cell wall
-plant cells have chloroplast
-plant cells have central vacuoles

Question 23

What is chloroplast

Answer 23

Converts solar energy into sugar during photosynthesis. Contains its own DNA like mitochondria. Green in color

Question 24

What is the central vacuole

Answer 24

Stores water and food, biggest organelle in plant cells

Question 25

What is lysosomes

Answer 25

They break down macromolecules and destroy dead cells or foreign matter. Round balls, bigger than ribosomes

Question 26

What are centrioles and centrosomes?

Answer 26

Centrioles are in animal cell; they move chromosomes during cell division Centrosomes are the same thing but in plant cells, but they are not visible during cell division

Question 27

What are microtubules?

Answer 27

Moves structures around, formed from centrioles