Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 characteristics all living organisms have?
1-Composed of cells
2-Complex and ordered
3-obtain and produce energy
4-homeostasis
5-respond to their environment
6-ability to reproduce
7-evolutionary adaptation
Can non-living organisms be complex?
Yes, but not as complex as living organisms
What is homeostasis
A maintained stable state in the face of changes
Name stimulis
Heat, touch, light, sound, other organisms
Name and explain the two ways of obtaining energy
Autotrophs: use the suns energy and carbon to make their own energy/food
Heterotrophs: consume autotrophs and other heterotrophs to gain energy
What is the cycle of homeostasis?
1-stimulus
2-receptor
3-input
4-output
5-response
When does evolution occur?
When there is genetic difference in a population
Are viruses living or not? Why?
No, because they cant reproduce on their own
What is the difference between hypothesis and theory?
Hypothesis is a proposed explanation while a theory is supported by evidence and is a valid explanation. A hypothesis can become a theory.
What is a controlled experiment
When there is a control group that does not take place in the experiment
What are the steps in the scientific method?
1-observation/question
2-hypothesis
3-prediction
4-experimentation
5-conclusion
6-report results
What is the difference between a prediction and a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation while a prediction is a statement of what will happen
What did Charles Darwin do?
Created the theory of evolution
What were Darwin’s propositions on how new species come to be?
1-overproduction
2-struggle for existence
3-variation exists in a population
4-traits are inherited
5-natural selection
What was Darwin’s scientific process?
1-he observed immense diversity in the world
2-he proposed many hypotheses and made predictions
3-he collected evidence showing that structural chage occurs over time in organisms
4-drafted his argument
What were some evidence Darwin collected showing that organisms change over time?
1-Fossils
2-The age of the earth
3-Comparative anatomy
4-biogeographical distribution
5-vestigial structures
What are the 5 core concepts in biology?
1-life is subject to chemical and physical laws
2-living systems transform energy and matter
3-Living systems depend on information transactions (DNA)
4-Structure determines function and increasing the complexity results in increasing emergent properties
5-evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
What are the two different hierarchical organizations?
Structural hierarchy: organizes various levels in the living world by size
Taxonomic hierarchy: groups of organisms based on morphological similarities
What are the three levels inside the hierarchical organization of living systems?
1-cellular level: Atoms-molecule-macromolecule-organelle-cell
2-organismal level: tissue-organ-organ system- organism
3-Populational level: population-species-community-ecosystem
Why, when going up a level of the hierarchy of life, there are emergent properties?
Because you add up the previous part, making this level more complex, thus have new properties
