Unit 6 Flashcards
What is growth/repair?
Mitosis
What is reproduction?
Meiosis and fertilization
What are the characteristics of mitosis
-cells maintain the same number of chromosomes (2n=diploid)
-produces two identical cells from the parent cell
What are the characteristics of meiosis/fertilization
-the new cells have half the number of chromosomes (n=haploid)
-produces 4 genetically different cells from the parent cell
-these fuse during fertilization to form a (2n) zygote
What does haploid mean
1 set of chromosomes, sex cells (egg and sperm)
What does diploid mean
2 sets of chromosomes, all non-sex cells
Draw haploid and diploid
Labo
What is a genome
Total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell for an organism
What are the two main phases of the somatic cell cycle
Interphase and mitotic (M) phase
What are the phase inside the interphase
G1, S (synthesis) and G2
What are the phases inside the mitotic phase?
Cytokinesis and mitosis
What is the goal of the somatic cell cycle?
-ensures new cells have the same content as the parent cell
-organizes chromosomes to ensure accurate division
-divides the cell membrane
What is the difference in cell division between plants and animals?
Animals have no cell wall, which produces a cleavage furrow
Plants have a cell wall, which forms a cell plate
What are the 4 different names of DNA
-chromatin= relaxed form
-chromatid=condensed form
-sister-chromatin=condensed and duplicated form
-chromosome=condensed but separated
What is the DNA called in interphase?
Chromatin
In mitosis, what are the names used for DNA
Prophase & metaphase=sister chromatid
Anaphase & telophase=chromosome
In cytokinesis, what is the name used for DNA
Chromosome until the nucleus is completely reformed, then its chromatin
What is G1
First stage of the interphase
-cell grows in size as the organelles duplicate
What is S
Second stage of the interphase
-replication of DNA and centrosomes
What is G2
Last stage of interphase
-DNA is proof read
-enzymes for division are made
What is the visible difference between sister-chromatids and chromatin?
Sister chromatin is in all the nucleus, while chromatin makes us able to identify the nucleolus
What are the four major events in prophase
-spindle apparatus forms at centriole
-microtubules attach to the chromosomes
-nuclear membrane falls apart
-centrioles migrate to opposite poles
What are the 3 events in metaphase
-centrosomes reach the poles
-sister-chromatids are at the equator of the cell
-no more plasma membrane
What are the 3 events in anaphase
-sister-chromatid seperates into chromosomes
-spindle fibers pull the chromosomes towards the poles
-the poles move further apart
