Unit 6

Question 1

What is growth/repair?

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

What is reproduction?

Answer 2

Meiosis and fertilization

Question 3

What are the characteristics of mitosis

Answer 3

-cells maintain the same number of chromosomes (2n=diploid)
-produces two identical cells from the parent cell

Question 4

What are the characteristics of meiosis/fertilization

Answer 4

-the new cells have half the number of chromosomes (n=haploid)
-produces 4 genetically different cells from the parent cell
-these fuse during fertilization to form a (2n) zygote

Question 5

What does haploid mean

Answer 5

1 set of chromosomes, sex cells (egg and sperm)

Question 6

What does diploid mean

Answer 6

2 sets of chromosomes, all non-sex cells

Question 7

Draw haploid and diploid

Answer 7

Labo

Question 8

What is a genome

Answer 8

Total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell for an organism

Question 9

What are the two main phases of the somatic cell cycle

Answer 9

Interphase and mitotic (M) phase

Question 10

What are the phase inside the interphase

Answer 10

G1, S (synthesis) and G2

Question 11

What are the phases inside the mitotic phase?

Answer 11

Cytokinesis and mitosis

Question 12

What is the goal of the somatic cell cycle?

Answer 12

-ensures new cells have the same content as the parent cell
-organizes chromosomes to ensure accurate division
-divides the cell membrane

Question 13

What is the difference in cell division between plants and animals?

Answer 13

Animals have no cell wall, which produces a cleavage furrow
Plants have a cell wall, which forms a cell plate

Question 14

What are the 4 different names of DNA

Answer 14

-chromatin= relaxed form
-chromatid=condensed form
-sister-chromatin=condensed and duplicated form
-chromosome=condensed but separated

Question 15

What is the DNA called in interphase?

Answer 15

Chromatin

Question 16

In mitosis, what are the names used for DNA

Answer 16

Prophase & metaphase=sister chromatid
Anaphase & telophase=chromosome

Question 17

In cytokinesis, what is the name used for DNA

Answer 17

Chromosome until the nucleus is completely reformed, then its chromatin

Question 18

What is G1

Answer 18

First stage of the interphase
-cell grows in size as the organelles duplicate

Question 19

What is S

Answer 19

Second stage of the interphase
-replication of DNA and centrosomes

Question 20

What is G2

Answer 20

Last stage of interphase
-DNA is proof read
-enzymes for division are made

Question 21

What is the visible difference between sister-chromatids and chromatin?

Answer 21

Sister chromatin is in all the nucleus, while chromatin makes us able to identify the nucleolus

Question 22

What are the four major events in prophase

Answer 22

-spindle apparatus forms at centriole
-microtubules attach to the chromosomes
-nuclear membrane falls apart
-centrioles migrate to opposite poles

Question 23

What are the 3 events in metaphase

Answer 23

-centrosomes reach the poles
-sister-chromatids are at the equator of the cell
-no more plasma membrane

Question 24

What are the 3 events in anaphase

Answer 24

-sister-chromatid seperates into chromosomes
-spindle fibers pull the chromosomes towards the poles
-the poles move further apart

Question 25

What are the 5 events in cytokinesis/telophase?

Answer 25

-spindle fibers break down
-nuclear enveloppe reforms
-chromosomes form tight mass
-nucleoli reappears
-cleavage furrow/cell plate

Question 26

What is Aster

Answer 26

The little tentacules/spindle fibers from centrioles/centrosomes

Question 27

Look at unit 6 summary slides

Answer 27

Shhs