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AP Human Geo > Unit 4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Independent _____ are the primary building blocks of the world political _____:

A

States; map

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2
Q

-Defined territory with borders
-Permanent population
-Government
-Sovereignty
-Recognition from other states

A

A State

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3
Q

A group of people with a common identity through shared cultural traits such as language, religion, ethnicity, and heritage:

A

A Nation

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4
Q

When the borders of the nation match the borders of the state - a state with (ideally) only one nation within it:

A

A Nation-State

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5
Q

Nations of people without a state to occupy:

A

Stateless Nation

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6
Q

Consists of a nation of people that live in more than one state:

A

Multistate Nation

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7
Q

A country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders:

A

Multinational State

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8
Q

A location within a state that is given authority to govern independently from the national government:

A

Autonomous or Semi Autonomous Region

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9
Q

A state’s authority to control its territory and govern itself:

A

Sovereignty

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10
Q

The right of all people to govern themselves; oftentimes may result in independence movements/devolution:

A

Self-Determination

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11
Q

Power is shifted from the central government or administration to regional authorities which are usually reflective of nations:

A

Devolution

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12
Q

European powers gathered to divide up the continent of Africa and establish borders. Europeans drew political boundaries for their own benefit without regard to tribal cultures and distributions. Over time this caused conflict and violence and impacted the development of African countries/colonies:

A

Berlin Conference (1884)

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13
Q

This treaty was signed to end WWl. It redrew boundaries in Europe and Southwest Asia:

A

The Treaty of Versailles (1920)

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14
Q

Palestine, a former British colony, was established as the state of Israel after the Holocaust:

A

Establishment of Israel

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15
Q

After the development of the UN and the end of WWll, the movement of decolonization began around the world:

A

Decolonization and Independence Movements (1945-1990)

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16
Q

The fall of communism and the Soviet Union ended the Cold War and led to the creation of newly independent states, and changed the world balance of power:

A

Fall of the Soviet Union

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17
Q

The control and influence over a specific geographic space:

A

Territoriality

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18
Q

Control over people land and resources:

A

Political Power

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19
Q

The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures in order to control or influence other countries:

A

Neocolonialism

20
Q

Instability within a region that is geographically located between states with overlapping power:

A

Shatterbelts

21
Q

-A strategic strait or canal which is narrow, hard to pass through and has competition for use
-This could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic and strategically show political power or territoriality
-Essential to shipping oil, food, and consumer products around the world:

A

Choke Points

22
Q

Borders that are established before there has been major settlement by people in a territory:

A

Antecedent Boundary

23
Q

Borders that are drawn in areas that have been settled by people, typically due to changes that have occurred over time:

A

Subsequent Boundary

24
Q

Type of subsequent boundary - takes into account the existing cultural distribution of the people living in the territory and redevelops boundary lines to more closely align with cultural boundaries:

A

Consequent Boundary

25
Q

Border that is drawn over existing and accepted borders by an outside force:

A

Superimposed Boundary

26
Q

Borders that are established on straight lines of latitude and longitude instead of physical or cultural boundaries:

A

Geometric Boundary

27
Q

Borders that no longer exist, but have left some imprint on the local cultural or environmental geography:

A

Relic Boundary

28
Q

-Defined, delimited, demarcated, and administered
-On land and water
-Expression of political power and territoriality
-Used to establish sovereignty
-Subject to chance and conflict
-Sometimes correspond with cultural and economic divisions

A

Boundaries

29
Q

An area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel

A

Demilitarized Zone

30
Q

-Trade and shipping routes
-Fishing rights
-Oil Reserves
-Defense
-Landlocked countries are at a disadvantage
-High disputed

A

Maritime Boundaries

31
Q

Process in which U.S. House of Representative seats are re-allocated to different states based off of population change:

A

Reapportionment

32
Q

Clustering like-minded votes in a single district, thereby allowing the other party to win the remaining districts:

A

Packing

33
Q

Dispersing the like-minded voters among multiple districts in order to minimize their impact and prevent them from gaining a majority:

A

Cracking

34
Q

The ideal in which the voting districts are equal in population, contiguous, and compact. They are truly representative of the people living in the district:

A

Representative

35
Q

A style of government in which power is shared between central, regional, and local governments:

A

Federal Government

36
Q

A style of government in which power is located centrally and the purpose of regional or local units is to carry out policy:

A

Unitary Government

37
Q

What factors lead to the devolution of states? (6):

A
  1. Physical Geography
  2. Ethnic Separatism
  3. Ethnic Cleansing
  4. Terrorism
  5. Economic or Social Problems
  6. Irredentism
38
Q

A majority ethnic group wants to claim territory from a neighboring state due to a shared culture with the people residing across the order:

A

Irredentism

39
Q

Challenges to State Sovereignty (5):

A
  1. Devolution
  2. Advancements in Communication Technology
  3. Democratization
  4. Supranationalism
  5. Supranational Organizations
40
Q

Occurs when a sovereign state moves from a non-democracy to a democracy (Ex: Egypt, Tunisia):

A

Democratization

41
Q

Occurs when a collection of nation-states relinquish sovereign rights to a larger-scale body that exercises authority over its member states:

A

Supranationalism

42
Q

An alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals:

A

Supranational Organizations

43
Q

Examples of Supranational Organizations (7):

A
  1. The UN
  2. Nato
  3. The European Union
  4. ASEAN
  5. The Arctic Council
  6. The African Union
  7. OPEC
44
Q

Positives of Supranational Organizations (4):

A
  1. Decrease conflict and promote cooperation
  2. Environmental Stability
  3. Economies of Scale
  4. Collective Defense
45
Q

Negative of Supranational Organizations:

A

Can challenge state sovereignty by limiting the economic/political actions of member states

46
Q

Centrifugal forces may lead to… (3):

A
  1. Failed States (Yugoslavia)
  2. Uneven Development
  3. Stateless Nations and Ethnic Nationalist Movements (Kurds, Basque, Palestine)
47
Q

Centripetal forces may lead to… (3):

A
  1. Ethnonationalism
  2. Equitable infrastructure Development
  3. Cultural Cohesion/Unity/Harmony/Peace

AP Human Geo (7 decks)

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