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AP Human Geo > Unit 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

Topics: 1. Introduction to Maps 2. Geographic Data 3. The Power of Geographic Data 4. Spatial Concepts 5. Human-Environmental Interaction 6. Scales of Analysis 7. Regional Analysis

1
Q

A set of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generation’s ability to meet their needs:

A

Environmental Sustainability

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2
Q

Materials and substances like minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain:

A

Natural Resources

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3
Q

The belief that climate and landforms are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal/cultural development:

A

Environmental Determinism

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4
Q

Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs:

A

Possibilism

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5
Q

3 examples of possibilism:

A
  1. Palm Islands in Dubai
  2. Hoover Dam
  3. Terrace Farming
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6
Q

Show large areas with small amounts of data (zoomed out):

A

Small Scale Maps

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7
Q

Show small areas with large amounts of data (zoomed in):

A

Large Scale Maps

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8
Q

List the categories for the scale of maps (7):

A
  1. Global
  2. Regional
  3. State-Country-National
  4. Sub-State (State)
  5. County
  6. City/Local
  7. Census Tract
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9
Q

Different ____ reveal _____ in spatial patterns:

A

Scales, variations

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10
Q

General information/navigation/location:

A

Reference Maps

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11
Q

List the 3 types of Reference Maps::

A
  1. Political
  2. Physical
  3. Road
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12
Q

States/countries/capitals:

A

Political Maps

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13
Q

Natural features:

A

Physical Maps

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14
Q

Highways, streets, etc:

A

Road Maps

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15
Q

Use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data:

A

Choropleth Map

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16
Q

Each dot represents a specified quantity of a spatial characteristic:

A

Dot-Density Map

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17
Q

Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of a variable:

A

Graduated/Proportional Region Map

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18
Q

The sizes of countries are shown according to a specific variable. Area is distorted to show a variable:

A

Cartogram Map

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18
Q

Use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. Used for weather and elevation:

A

Isoline and Topography Maps

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18
Q
  1. Exact, precise
  2. Address
  3. Latitude and Longitude
A

Absolute Location

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18
Q
  1. Exact, precise
  2. Miles/kilometers, feet
  3. Map scale
A

Absolute Distance

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18
Q

Relationship to another place:

A

Relative Location

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18
Q

Spatial Interaction: Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places:

A

Relative Distance

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19
Q
  1. Exact, precise
  2. Cardinal directions: NSEW
A

Absolute Direction

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20
Q

Remember, relative-relationships:

A

Relative Direction

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21
Q
  1. Close together
  2. Density: the number of something in a defined area
A

Clustering Pattern

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22
Q
  1. Far apart
  2. Distribution: the way something is spread out over an area
A

Dispersal/Distribution Pattern

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23
Q

Indication that 2+ phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another:

A

Patterns and Spatial Associations

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24
Q

Map projections _________ ______ _________ in shape, area, distance, and direction:

A

Distort spatial relations

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25
Q

The process of a cartographer showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface:

A

Map Projection

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26
Q

Maps are ________ in what they portray - different projections are used for different _______:

A

Selective, purpose

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27
Q

What does SADD stand for?

A
  1. Shape
  2. Area
  3. Distance
  4. Direction
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28
Q
  1. Direction
  2. Shape
  3. Purpose: Navigation
  4. Preserves right angles of latitude and longitude
A

Advantages of Mercator Maps

29
Q
  1. Area distorted near poles
  2. Increases size of high latitude areas
A

Disadvantages of Mercator Maps

30
Q
  1. Area of land masses are accurate
  2. Repositions many countries to their rightful size
A

Advantages of Peters Equal Area Maps

31
Q
  1. Shapes are inaccurate near the poles
  2. Vertically stretched near the equator
A

Disadvantages of Peters Equal Area Maps

32
Q
  1. No major distortions
  2. Purpose: Compromise
A

Advantages of Robinson Maps

33
Q

All aspects are slightly distorted:

A

Disadvantages of Robinson Maps

34
Q

Minimizes distortion of the size and shape of land masses:

A

Advantages of Goode Homolosine Maps

35
Q
  1. Land masses appear large compared to oceans
  2. Can’t be used for oceanic travel
A

Disadvantages of Goode Homolosine Maps

36
Q
  1. What?
  2. Where?
  3. Why There?
  4. Why Care?
  5. Patterns
A

The Spatial Perspective

37
Q

How do we described what a location is like?

A

Place

38
Q

Factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location?

A

Sense of Place

39
Q

Physical artifacts that humans created which make up the landscape. Human produced:

A

Cultural Landscape

40
Q

A location without a sense of place. No distinct attributes:

A

Placelessness

41
Q

How do we describe where a place is located?

A

Location

42
Q

Location’s name - usually reflective of the culture and history of a place:

A

Toponym

43
Q

Climate, water sources, topography, soil vegetation, and elevation:

A

Site/Physical Landscape: Environmental Features of a Location

44
Q

Tropical latitudes are near the:

A

Equator

45
Q

High latitude receive ___ sunlight, so these places are _____ year round:

A

Less; colder

46
Q

_______ also impacts climate as well
1. _______ _____ = colder climate
2. _______ ______ = warmer climate

A
  1. Higher Elevations
  2. Lower Elevations
47
Q

Close together:

A

Clustering

48
Q

Far apart:

A

Dispersal/Distribution

49
Q

Indication that 2+ phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another:

A

Patterns and Spatial Associations

50
Q

The process geographers use to divide and categorize space into smaller areas of analysis:

A

Regionalization

51
Q

Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places:

A

Spatial Interaction

52
Q

The interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increase:

A

Distance Decay

53
Q

The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in distant places closer together:

A

Time-Space Compression

54
Q

The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another:

A

Diffusion

55
Q

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them:

A

Relocation Diffusion

56
Q

The spread of culture traits outward through exchange without migration. Requires a different person to adopt the trait:

A

Expansion Diffusion

57
Q

The spread of culture outward from the most inter-connected places or from centers of wealth and influence:

A

Hierarchical Diffusion

58
Q

Traits diffuse from a group of lower status to a group of higher status:

A

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

59
Q

Occurs when a cultural trail spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people:

A

Contagious Diffusion

60
Q

When a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted:

A

Stimulus Diffusion

61
Q

The act of an individual physically traveling to a location and recordin, firsthand, information there:

A

Fieldwork/Field Observations

62
Q

List 4 Geospatial Technologies:

A
  1. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  2. Satellite Navigation Systems (GPS)
  3. Remote Sensing
  4. Online Mapping + Visualizations
63
Q

Computer system that stores, analyzes, and displays info from multiple data sets. Thematic and physical layers:

A

GIS

64
Q

Satellites orbit the earth and communicate locational info to GPS receivers (absolute location):

A

GPS

65
Q

The use of cameras which orbit the earth above the atmosphere to collect digital images of earth’s surface:

A

Remote Sensing

66
Q

An area with one or more unifying characteristics or patterns of activity:

A

Regions

67
Q

Types of regions (3):

A

Formal, Functional, and Vernacular/Perceptual

68
Q

United by one or more specific traits (ESPEN):

A

Formal Region

69
Q

What does the ESPEN acroym stand for?

A

Economic, Social, Political, ENvironmental

70
Q

Free trade - common currency:

A

Economic Formal Region

71
Q

Distribution of Muslim adherents is primarily clustered in SW and C Asia and North Africa:

A

Social Formal Region

72
Q

The states and capitals in Europe:

A

Political Formal Region

73
Q

The Sahara Desert: Desert which separates North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa:

A

Environmental Region

74
Q

Organized around a central node (focal point) and the relationship is typically based around economics, travel, and communication:

A

Functional Region

75
Q

Based on a person’s perspective or perception of a certain location:

A

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

AP Human Geo (7 decks)

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