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AP Human Geo > Mini Unit 7 > Flashcards

Mini Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Extraction of raw materials and natural resources from earth’s surface:

A

Primary Economic Sector

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2
Q

Processing and manufacturing raw materials into a finished product:

A

Secondary Economic Sector

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3
Q

Service sector that focuses on moving, selling, and trading products in primary and secondary sectors:

A

Tertiary Economic Sector

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4
Q

Knowledge based sector, focusing on research and information creation and transfer:

A

Quaternary Economic Sector

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5
Q

Highest level of decision making, includes top officials in government and business:

A

Quinary Economic Sector

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6
Q

MDC:

A

More Developed Country

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7
Q

LDC:

A

Less Developed Country

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8
Q

As a county becomes more Developed, the primary sector _________ due to an increase in _________. So, the secondary and tertiary sectors are also going to _______:

A

Decreases; Industrialization, Increase

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9
Q

In less developed countries, the economy is mostly made up of ______ _______ _______

A

Primary Economic Activities

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10
Q

Explains the Spatial relationships between countries and explains uneven economic development:

A

Wallerstein’s World System Theory

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11
Q

What are the Semi-Periphery countries?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa

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12
Q

There is a world economic system - one large __________ economy:

A

Interconnected

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13
Q

Advantages in production for the core countries:

A

Legacy of Colonialism

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14
Q

How can a country develop when its _______ are _____ by a handful of the prosperous ____ countries?

A

Resources, Controlled, Industrialized

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15
Q

Competition between core countries for _____ and _____ and ____ strength:

A

Colonies, Trade, Military

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16
Q

Economically and politically dominant:

A

Core-Periphery Model

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17
Q

Strong military and allies:

A

Core-Periphery Model

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18
Q

Highly interconnected transportation and communication infastructure:

A

Core-Periphery Model

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19
Q

Control of the global market. Businesses are headquartered here:

A

Core-Periphery Model

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20
Q

Former colonial powers and higher-skill, capital-intensive production:

A

Core-Periphery Model

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21
Q

“Middle Income” countries:

A

Semi-Periphery Model

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22
Q

Aspects of the core and periphery:

A

Semi-Periphery Model

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23
Q

In the process of industrialization:

A

Semi-Periphery Model

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24
Q

Active in manufacturing and exporting goods and raw materials:

A

Semi-Periphery Model

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25
Q

Better transportation and communication than the periphery:

A

Semi-Periphery Model

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26
Q

Often have unstable governments:

A

Periphery Model

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27
Q

Less wealth, lower levels of education than the core:

A

Periphery Model

28
Q

Export natural resources to core and semi-periphery:

A

Periphery Model

29
Q

Not reliable transportation or communication infrastructure:

A

Periphery Model

30
Q

Former colonies:

A

Periphery Model

31
Q

Low skill, labor intensive jobs, and low wages:

A

Periphery Model

32
Q

Weak laws to protect workers and women:

A

Periphery Model

33
Q

Sells consumer goods and provides $$$ flow to the SP and P:

A

Core

34
Q

Sends cheap labor and natural resources to the SP and C countries:

A

Periphery

35
Q

A specified state of growth or advancement. Variations on different scales - global, regional, and local:

A

Development

36
Q

Total value of officially recorded goods and services by the citizens and corporations within a country’s borders in a given year:

A

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

37
Q

Goods + services =

A

GDP

38
Q

Total value of goods and services by the citizens and corporations of a country as well as foreign investments in a given year:

A

Gross National Product (GNP)

39
Q

Domestic and International Goods + Services =

A

GNP

40
Q

Most accurate measure of wealth because it accounts for trade impacts:

A

Gross National Income (GNI)

41
Q

GDP + (Exports-Imports) =

A

GNI

42
Q

Measures how much a common “baskets of goods: cost locally in the currency for each country being compared:

A

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

43
Q

Regulated and/or taxed by the gov. Included in GDP and GNI. Typical professions:

A

Formal Economy

44
Q

Mostly illegal products that are sold and/or not regulated by the gov/:

A

Informal Economy

45
Q

Measures income distribution within a population:

A

Gini Coefficient

46
Q

The higher the value the _____ the inequality:

A

Higher

47
Q

MDCs have _____ Ginis, and LDCs have _____ Ginis:

A

Lower; Higher

48
Q
  1. Highest per Capita consumption of energy is in _____
  2. Demand for use of fossil fuels is increasing in ________ ______
  3. ______ energy is increasing in MDCs
  4. ______ is higher in DCs
A

MDCs; developing countries; nuclear; hydroelectric

49
Q

Calculation of the average number of children per woman:

A

Total Fertility Rate

50
Q

The number of deaths of infants under 1 year old in a given year per 1,000 live births:

A

Infant Mortality Rate

51
Q

Widely recognized as a general measure of well-being. Measured by available and affordable:

A

Access to Healthcare

52
Q

Average number of years a person is expected to live based on mortality rates when they were born:

A

Life Expectancy

53
Q

% of people 15+ who can read and write short sentences:

A

Literacy Rates

54
Q

Score between 0-1. The lower the score the less developed, and the higher the score the more developed:

A

Human Development Index (HDI)

55
Q

What 4 factors make up the HDI score?

A
  1. Life Expectancy
  2. Average Years of Schooling
  3. Expected Years of Schooling
  4. GNI per capita
56
Q

Score between 0-1. The higher the score the higher the inequality:

A

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

57
Q

What are the 5 indicators that make up the GII?

A
  1. Maternal Mortality Ratio
  2. Adolescent Fertility Rate
  3. Indices of Empowerment
  4. Educational Attainment
  5. Labor Force Participation
58
Q

Rate of women who die during pregnancy or within one year of pregnancy due to complications. For every 100,000 births:

A

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)

59
Q

The number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-19:

A

Adolescent Fertility Rate

60
Q

Proportion of women that hold Congressional seats:

A

Indices of Empowerment

61
Q

Do women have access to secondary school?

A

Educational Attainment

62
Q

A way of documenting progress toward gender equality using measures such as relative access to education, average income, and workforce participation:

A

Gender Parity

63
Q

A very small loan to people with little income (Intended to help expand a small business):

A

Microloans

64
Q

In 2000, the UN established Millennium Development Goals specifying targets for all countries to achieve y 2015 in areas such as environmental, sustainability, gender equality, and poverty reduction. They lean toward a holistic approach that considers human well-being and environmental sustainability:

A

The Purpose of UN’s Sustainable Goals

65
Q

The 17 SDGs are the principal means used to evaluate and compare countries’ development status:

A

Measuring Development

66
Q

An annual review of all 193 UN members states’ performance on the SDGs:

A

Sustainable Development Report

67
Q

The final result is a single score for each country ranging from 0-100:

A

Sustainable Development Report

AP Human Geo (7 decks)

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