Unit 4 Topic 4

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

Sociocultural perspective to stereotypes

Racism: negative emotions or actions toward someone based on their race
Implicit racism: concealed or unconscious, fearing people
based on appearance, media presenting a group in a
certain way.
Explicit racism: overt and very intentional, slurs, hate groups

Xenophobia: fear of unfamiliar, distrust/discrimination from the in-group

Ethnocentrism: prioritising own’s own ethnicity of culture, believing superiority, protest inclusion

Question 2

Reducing Prejudice

Answer 2

Contact hypothesis; predicts that increased contact can reduce prejudice

Sustained contact - extended contact between those who hold the
stereotype and those who have been stereotyped: boosts
understanding/compassion, finds similarities.

Intergroup Contact - increasing contact or exposure to a particular
group of people

Superordinate goals - shared goals that are so big it requires the
effort of the whole to achieve: working collaboratively can
dispel less important differences

Mutual interdependence - two groups rely on each other to
successfully complete a task

Equal-status Contact - contact where both groups are on the same
level with the same amount of power

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

standard or norms a particular group hold for the way they live, beliefs, values, rituals

culture is learned, teaches acceptable and unacceptable behaviour

Cultural Norms
- shared rules within a culture

Surface Culture
- observable, music, clothing, food

Deep culture
- emotions, beliefs, values

Question 4

Cultural Dimensions

Answer 4

opposing extremes that exist between cultures

eg.
Individualism
- prioritises the individual over the collective
vs
Collectivism
- prioritises the collective over the individual

masculinity vs femininity

multiculturalism
- individuals from many cultures coexists and live by one set of rules
vs
Pluralism
- two or more cultures coexist, each holding onto their own set of rules, traditions and rituals, but living in the same place.

Question 5

Challenges of Immigration

Answer 5

Culture shocks
- feeling overwhelmed by cultural differences after being placed in a new country with varies values and ideas that what id known
- can lead to isolation, frustration, homesickness, anxiety/depression

Assimilation
- adapting to fit a culture completely

Acculturation
- keeping the core values and ideas from the original culture while abiding by the rules of the adopted culture

Helping w culture shock
- educating of majority culture
- creation of new neighbourhoods
- maintaining culture
- learning the language
- resilience skills

Question 6

Culture in prejudice

Answer 6

1) Cultural insensitivity and lack of awareness
2) Different verbal + non-verbal communication styles
3) Work ethic + approaches to completing tasks
4) Decision making styles

Question 7

Formation of Prejudice

Answer 7

Scapegoating:
- blaming a person or group for a negative action, event, or result

Direct experience:
- direct encounters with a person, object or idea can influence the formation of an attitude

Personal + group experience:
- personal results from an individual’s direct experience or early childhood interaction
- group prejudices develop when an in-group holds negative attitudes towards an out-group - in-group is ‘superior’, out-group doesn’t belong

The prejudiced personality:
- certain personality types and characteristics are more likely to hold prejudiced attitudes

Biological perspective
- inherited trait: excluding strangers has evolutionary advantage

Cognitive perspective
- psychodynamic: fulfil psychological needs, divert attention from other stressors / perception: selective attention