Unit 4 Topic 3

Question 1

Attitudes

Answer 1

Learnt stable and relatively enduring evaluation of a person, object, event or idea that can affect an individuals behaviour

Explicit or Implicit attitudes

Question 2

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 2

festinger, 1957

theory that emphasises a person will feel uncomfortable, and will try to maintain an internal consistency and agreement between their beliefs and behaviours.

Effort justification
-Altering beliefs/attitude to match/justify behaviours.

Question 3

Social Identity Theory

Answer 3

Tajfel, 1970

a person’s sense of self based on the groups they belong to through 3 processes (together is group membership):

1) social categorisation
2) social identification
3) social comparison

Question 4

In-group

Answer 4

a group of people with a shared interest, identity, or belief

Question 5

Out-group

Answer 5

groups that exist outside of someone else’s group

Question 6

Social categorisation

Answer 6

assembling similar objects + people so that we can identify + understand them

Question 7

Social identification

Answer 7

a process where people modify their attitudes, behaviour and beliefs to match the group

Question 8

Social comparison

Answer 8

comparing our in-groups with other groups to affirm our identity

Question 9

Explicit attitudes

Answer 9

attitudes that individuals openly state and are aligned with their behaviour

Question 10

Implicit attitudes

Answer 10

involuntary, uncontrolled or unconscious attitudes that individuals are often unaware they hold, until their actions reveal it

Question 11

Bias

Answer 11

Self-serving bias
- the tendency to view oneself more favourably than others in the same position

Confirmation bias
- the tendency to search for, recall, anf interpret information to suit already held beliefs

Question 12

Tri-Component Model of Attitudes

Answer 12

ABCs of Attitudes

Affective Component:
- how an individual feels about an attitude object

Behavioural Component:
- how a person behave towards the attitude object

Cognitive Component:
- how a person thinks about the attitude object

Question 13

Attribution

Answer 13

inferences that are made about the causes of events or behaviours in order to understand social experiences
eg.
- mood, effort, motivation, luck, situation

Question 14

Attribution Theory

Answer 14

humans need to understand why people have to behave in a certain way - 2 ways to explain behaviour

1) Situational Attribution
- environmental or external factors

2) Dispositional Attribution
- internal or personal factors

Actor-observed bias
- explain our own actions by external factors and others by internal factors

Question 15

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 15

blaming an individual too much
- when too much emphasis is placed on dispositional attribution and too little on situational attribution